Short answers, pulled from the story.
Wool consists primarily of protein with a small percentage of lipids, making it chemically distinct from plant-based cellulose fibers like cotton. This proteinaceous nature requires special detergents for cleaning because standard laundry detergents often contain enzymes designed to digest protein, which would damage the fiber.
The wool trade became the economic engine of the Low Countries and central Italy in the 13th century, driving the development of complex financial systems. By the end of the 14th century, Italy predominated in the trade, but by the 16th century, Italian wool exports to the Levant had declined, eventually replaced by silk production.
Wool can absorb almost one-third of its own weight in water without feeling wet, creating a material that is both hydrophobic on the exterior and hygroscopic on the interior. This unique ability distinguishes it from other textiles and allows it to function effectively in various environmental conditions.
The finest bale of wool ever auctioned sold for a seasonal record of AU$2690 per kilo during June 2008, produced by the Hillcreston Pinehill Partnership and measuring 11.6 microns. This bale realized $247,480 and was exported to India.
Wool increased friction in a vest with 28 to 30 layers of fabric to provide the same level of bullet resistance as 36 layers of Kevlar alone. Researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology discovered this blend was lighter, cheaper, and worked better in damp conditions than Kevlar alone.