Short answers, pulled from the story.
The unification process began with the First Italian War of Independence in March 1848 and concluded with the Capture of Rome on the 20th of September 1870. This period spans from 1848 to 1870 as defined by the consolidation of Italian states.
Key figures included King Victor Emmanuel II, Prime Minister Camillo Benso Count of Cavour, revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini, and military leader Giuseppe Garibaldi. These leaders organized political societies like La Giovine Italia and led armies during wars against Austria.
The Carbonari formed a secret political discussion group in southern Italy early in the 19th century that promoted Italian nationalism without association with Napoleon's government. They maintained commitment to national unity despite stiff penalties imposed by conservative governments and caused political turmoil from 1820 until after unification.
Three major wars took place including the First Italian War of Independence starting in 1848, the Second War of Italian Independence beginning in April 1859, and the Third War of Independence occurring in 1866. These conflicts involved battles such as Custoza, Solferino, and Lissa between Italian forces and Austria.
Rome became the official capital when it was captured on the 20th of September 1870 following the withdrawal of French garrison troops. The capital officially moved from Florence to Rome in July 1871 after a plebiscite held on the 2nd of October accepted annexation of Latium.