Short answers, pulled from the story.
A male red deer is called a stag or hart, and a female is called a hind. Stags are significantly larger, typically weighing 160 to 240 kg compared with 120 to 170 kg for hinds, and only stags grow antlers.
Red deer inhabit most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains, Anatolia, Iran, parts of Western Asia, and the Atlas Mountains of North Africa. They are the only deer species native to Africa. Introduced populations also live in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, Canada, the United States, Peru, and Uruguay.
Red deer antlers typically measure about 71 cm in total length and weigh around 1 kg, though large antlers can reach 115 cm and 5 kg. Antlers grow from scratch each spring at a rate of up to 2.5 cm per day and are shed each year, usually at the end of winter.
Red deer are officially classified as a noxious pest in New Zealand because introduced populations multiplied rapidly after the first liberations in 1851. Between 1931 and March 1975, official culling operations killed 1,124,297 deer. They are still heavily culled using professional hunters working with helicopters or poison.
Antler velvet from red deer is collected on ranches in New Zealand, China, Siberia, and elsewhere and sold to markets in East Asia, where it is used in holistic medicine. South Korea is the primary consumer. In Russia, a medication derived from antler velvet is sold under the brand name Pantokrin.
Red deer appear in European cave art dating back at least 40,000 years, during the Upper Paleolithic. Siberian cave art from the Neolithic, roughly 7,000 years ago, also contains abundant deer imagery that researchers have described as partly spiritual in character.