Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Reconstruction era began in 1865 following the end of hostilities on land after General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant on the 9th of April 1865. The conventional date for the end of the period is 1877 coinciding with the removal of federal troops from the South.
The Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery was ratified in 1865. The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing citizenship born naturalized granting federal civil rights was proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868. The Fifteenth Amendment decreeing right vote denied race color previous condition servitude was passed early February 1870.
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on the 1st of January 1863 which declared that all persons held as slaves within Confederate territory were forever free. This proclamation altered the legal status of 3.5 million persons held as slaves but did not apply to states like Tennessee or Kentucky where slavery remained legal under state law.
Vice President Andrew Johnson succeeded Lincoln after assassination the 14th of April 1865 becoming president taking much softer position pardoning many Confederate leaders former Confederates though Former Confederate President Jefferson Davis held prison two years others not tried treason charges only executed Captain Henry Wirz commandant Andersonville Georgia prison camp guerilla leaders Champ Ferguson Henry C. Magruder war crimes trials never occurred despite jury empaneled May 1867 United States Circuit Court Virginia Richmond for treason trial Jefferson Davis ultimately didn't happen.
The presidential election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden resulted in an electoral dispute over Florida South Carolina Louisiana leading to a highly disputed victory for Hayes in 1877. This event coincides with removal federal troops from the South marking the end of Reconstruction by historians generally.