Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ramesses II, known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty and is regarded as the greatest and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom. He was one of the few pharaohs worshipped as a deity during his own lifetime, and successor pharaohs called him the Great God.
Ramesses II reigned sixty-six years and seventy-four days, the longest recorded reign of any pharaoh. He came to the throne on the 31st of May 1279 BC and died on the 13th of August 1213 BC.
Ramesses II conducted no fewer than fifteen military campaigns, all recorded as victories except the Battle of Kadesh, which is generally considered a stalemate. His army is estimated to have totaled some one hundred thousand men.
Ramesses II reached Kadesh on the 1st of May 1274 BC and was caught in a Hittite ambush led by Muwatalli II. The Egyptians counterattacked and held the battlefield, but the wider campaign favored the Hittites, who briefly occupied territory near Damascus. In Year 21 of his reign Ramesses concluded the Treaty of Kadesh with Ḫattušili III.
Ramesses II built extensively from the Delta to Nubia, including his new capital Pi-Ramesses, the Ramesseum mortuary temple in western Thebes, and the temple of Abu Simbel, which he and queen Nefertari inaugurated in 1255 BC. He insisted his carvings be cut deep into the stone so successors could not erase them.
Scholars dispute the popular depiction of Ramesses II as the pharaoh of the Exodus. In 2023 Mostafa Waziry said no archaeological or historical evidence supports it, and historian Lester L. Grabbe noted that Ramesses held a firm grip on the region into Syria and did not drown in the Red Sea.
The mummy of Ramesses II was discovered in 1881 inside a reused wooden coffin in TT320, after priests had moved his body from his original tomb KV7 to escape looting. In April 2021 it was relocated to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo during the Pharaohs' Golden Parade.