Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Kitos War was a series of Jewish uprisings against the Roman Empire that took place in 117, forming part of the broader Second Jewish-Roman War. Ancient Jewish sources dated it 52 years after the First Jewish-Roman War and 16 years before the Bar Kokhba revolt. The conflict involved Jewish communities in Egypt, Libya, Cyprus, Mesopotamia, and Judaea.
The name "Kitos" is a corruption of the name of Roman general Lusius Quietus, filtered through Jewish Palestinian Aramaic from the Greek phrase meaning "War of Quietus." Quietus was the Roman governor of Judaea who suppressed the revolt in that region.
Julian and Pappus were brothers who led Jewish rebels gathered at Lydda during the unrest in Judaea. When Lydda fell to Roman forces, they were executed. They became martyrs in Jewish memory and are frequently mentioned with reverential praise in the Talmud, referred to as the "slain of Lydda."
Lusius Quietus was honored by Emperor Trajan with the consulship and appointed governor of Judaea for his role in suppressing the revolts. After Hadrian became emperor, Quietus was stripped of his command and killed in unknown circumstances in the summer of 118, possibly on Hadrian's orders.
Roman general Marcius Turbo suppressed the revolts in Egypt and Libya with extreme brutality, leading to the near-extermination of Jewish populations in Cyrenaica, Cyprus, and Egypt. Cyrene suffered such severe destruction that it required reconstruction under Hadrian.
After the Kitos War, Rome increased its military presence in Judaea and tensions remained high. In 130 CE, Hadrian announced plans to rebuild Jerusalem as a Roman colony called Aelia Capitolina, and a possible ban on circumcision further inflamed the population. These decisions triggered the Bar Kokhba revolt, which ended with Judaea renamed Syria Palaestina and a ban on Jewish religious practices that lasted until Hadrian's death in 138.