Short answers, pulled from the story.
Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion and the embodiment of daylight and the bright force holding the universe together. He served as the divine guarantor of justice and the source of all state authority. His name translates to Sky Father and links him to the ancient Indo-European concept of the divine ruler of the heavens.
The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was inaugurated on the 13th of September 509 BC during the early days of the Roman Republic. The building was supposedly begun by King Tarquinius Priscus and completed by the last king Tarquinius Superbus. It stood on the Capitoline Hill and served as the architectural and theological center of the city.
The Flamen Dialis could not ride a horse, could not see the army outside the sacred boundary of Rome, and could not swear an oath. He was the only priest who was preceded by a lictor and had a seat in the senate. His wife the Flaminica Dialis shared in these restrictions and together they were the guardians of the most sacred rites of the Roman state.
King Tullus Hostilius died because he attempted to perform a secret rite to evoke Iuppiter Elicius improperly. The god threw a lightning bolt which burned down the king's house and killed Tullus. This event served as a warning of the dangers of ignoring the will of the gods and the importance of following correct rituals.
Jupiter's two epula Iovis festivals fell on the 13th of September and the 13th of November. The Ides of each month were sacred to Jupiter and a white lamb was sacrificed to him on that day. Other festivals included the rustic Vinalia altera on the 19th of August and the Meditrinalia on the 11th of October.