Short answers, pulled from the story.
Insurgency is a form of asymmetric warfare where irregular forces avoid direct battles with superior enemies and blend into civilian populations to survive and grow. The core feature involves control over territory and people rather than just violence.
The Warsaw Uprising occurred during 1944 when Home Army fighters operated alongside propaganda posters. This historical example illustrated a model where rebels faced massive state military forces controlling cities and resources.
Juan Camilo Bohorquez led a study analyzing over 50,000 insurgent attacks. Their model found recurrent statistical patterns in death distributions across nine contemporary wars.
James Fearon noted that leaders gamble on conflict because peaceful bargains seem impossible due to nationalism spreading across territories. Wars often have rationalist explanations behind them involving these nationalist dynamics.
Robert R. Tomes published an article in 2004 describing cell networks maintaining secrecy, terrorism fostering insecurity among populations, multifaceted attempts cultivating support, and attacks against government forces completing the tactical picture.