Short answers, pulled from the story.
The label first appeared in France in 1871 within a medical thesis describing men suffering from tuberculosis who had developed feminine traits. This usage was deeply negative and intended to criticize a perceived confusion of the sexes. By 1872, Alexandre Dumas fils used the word to refer to men who supported women's rights, further cementing a derogatory tone.
The self-governing colony of New Zealand achieved the right to vote for women in 1893. This goal was followed by South Australia in 1894 and Australia in 1902. The movement's primary focus shifted toward the right to vote, a goal first achieved in the self-governing colony of New Zealand in 1893.
The publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique in 1963 helped voice the discontent that American women felt, sparking the second wave of feminism which began in the early 1960s. This movement was largely concerned with issues of equality beyond suffrage, such as ending gender discrimination and understanding aspects of personal lives as deeply politicized. The activist and author Carol Hanisch coined the slogan The Personal is Political, which became synonymous with the second wave.
The term third wave was credited to Rebecca Walker, who responded to Thomas's appointment to the Supreme Court with an article in Ms. magazine titled Becoming the Third Wave in 1992. Third-wave feminism emerged in the early 1990s, traced to the riot grrrl feminist punk subculture in Olympia, Washington, and to Anita Hill's televised testimony in 1991 to an all-male, all-white Senate Judiciary Committee regarding Clarence Thomas's sexual harassment of her.
Fourth-wave feminism corresponds to a resurgence in interest in feminism beginning around 2012 and is defined by the use of social media to combat sexual harassment, violence against women, and rape culture. The movement is characterized particularly by the use of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Tumblr, and blogs such as Feministing to challenge misogyny and further gender equality. Examples of fourth-wave feminist campaigns include the Everyday Sexism Project, No More Page 3, Stop Bild Sexism, the 2017 Women's March, and the #MeToo movement.
Feminism is often divided into three main traditions called liberal, radical, and socialist or Marxist feminism, sometimes known as the Big Three schools of feminist thought. Liberal feminism seeks equality of men and women through political and legal reform within a liberal democratic framework, without radically altering the structure of society. Radical feminism arose from the radical wing of second-wave feminism and calls for a radical reordering of society to eliminate male supremacy, considering the male-controlled capitalist hierarchy as the defining feature of women's oppression. Socialist feminism distinguishes itself from Marxist feminism by arguing that women's liberation can only be achieved by working to end both the economic and cultural sources of oppression.