Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Mughal Empire established Bengal Subah in 1576 following the final defeat at Rajmahal. This event marked the end of Daud Khan Karrani's independent rule and initiated the region's absorption into the vast empire.
Dhaka became a financial capital with a population exceeding one million people during the 17th century. The city housed an estimated eighty thousand skilled textile weavers producing fine muslin cloth known globally as daka.
Murshid Quli Khan rose from prime minister to become the hereditary Nawab of Bengal in 1717. He founded the Nasiri dynasty after the Mughal Court upgraded his position following conflicts with Viceroy Azim-us-Shan.
Bargis or Maratha warriors caused four hundred thousand civilian Bengalis to flee westward during their raids. These conflicts included battles at Katwa, Burdwan, and Rani Sarai where Alivardi Khan repelled attacks.
Shah Alam II granted Diwani rights to the Company in 1765 following the Battle of Buxar. Nizamat rights were subsequently transferred in 1793 when the Bengal Presidency was formed.