Short answers, pulled from the story.
Brigadier General Samuel R. Curtis led the Union Army of the Southwest during the Battle of Pea Ridge in 1862. His forces included men from Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio with over half being German immigrants under Brigadier General Franz Sigel.
The Battle of Pea Ridge occurred on the 4th of March 1862 when Confederate Major General Earl Van Dorn split his army to flank Union forces near Little Sugar Creek. Fighting continued through the following days until Van Dorn retreated via the Huntsville Road after failing to break the Federal line.
Major combat took place along Little Sugar Creek and around Elkhorn Tavern within Benton County Arkansas. The battlefield is now preserved as Pea Ridge National Military Park which includes a reconstruction of the Elkhorn Tavern scene.
Confederate forces lost because Van Dorn's army lacked supply trains and ammunition while facing effective Union artillery fire that drove them from their positions. The loss of senior officers including Generals McCulloch McIntosh and William Y. Slack further crippled their ability to continue the fight.
Federal forces reported two hundred three killed nine hundred eighty wounded and two hundred one missing for a total of one thousand three hundred eighty-four casualties. Carr's Fourth Division suffered six hundred eighty-two losses while Davis' Third Division lost three hundred forty-four men.