Short answers, pulled from the story.
Arthur Prince of Wales was born on the night of the 19th to the 20th of September 1486 in the ancient city of Winchester. His father Henry VII chose this location to link his new dynasty to the legendary King Arthur.
Arthur Prince of Wales received education from tutors Bernard André and Thomas Linacre who taught him grammar, poetry, rhetoric, and ethics. He memorized or read the works of Homer, Virgil, Ovid, and Cicero alongside historical texts by Thucydides, Caesar, Livy, and Tacitus.
Arthur Prince of Wales married Catherine of Aragon on the 14th of November 1501 at Saint Paul's Cathedral. The couple wore white satin and the event included a public bedding ceremony which was the only one recorded in Britain in the 16th century.
Arthur Prince of Wales died on the 2nd of April 1502 at Ludlow Castle six months short of his sixteenth birthday. The cause of his death remains a subject of historical debate with suggestions ranging from the mysterious English sweating sickness to tuberculosis, plague, or influenza.
Henry VIII annulled his marriage to Catherine of Aragon by claiming that her marriage to Arthur Prince of Wales had been consummated. This claim provided a religious justification for the annulment citing the Bible that if a man shall take his brother's wife it is an unclean thing.
Arthur Prince of Wales is buried in Worcester Cathedral where his body was taken on the 25th of April 1502. His bowels were buried in a lead box in the choir of the church and a chantry was erected over his grave two years later.