Short answers, pulled from the story.
At its 17th-century peak the Army of the Mughal Empire numbered in the millions by various estimates. Abul Fazl's census placed total army size at roughly 4.4 million, while historian Abraham Eraly, drawing on Tapan Raychaudhuri's work, cited a potential pool of 26 million military personnel including auxiliary forces. The most conservative modern estimate, used by Stephen Peter Rosen, places the figure above 4.4 million.
The emperor personally oversaw the army through officers called mansabdars, who recruited and maintained cavalry quotas ranging from 10 to 5,000 horsemen. The army was divided into four branches: cavalry, infantry, artillery, and navy. Artillery had its own commander, the Mir-i-Atish, separate from the mansabdari system, while the Mir Bakshi headed the overall military and intelligence administration.
War elephants served as shock troops, cargo carriers, and artillery transports in the Mughal army. Akbar maintained between 5,000 and 7,000 elephants in his fil-khana, and under Jahangir the total swelled from 12,000 to 40,000 according to historian Raman Sukumar. Abul Fazl stated that one well-conditioned elephant was valued equal to 500 horses in Mughal society.
The Mughal navy, called the Amla-e-Nawara, operated primarily in Bengal's river delta and coastal waters, with a fleet of 768 ships recorded at Dhaka. The largest imperial ship was the Ganj-i-Sawai, weighing 1,600 tonnes and carrying 800 onboard guns. The Rahimi reached 1,500 tons and served as the great pilgrimage ship in the Red Sea before being replaced by the Ganj-i-Sawai after a pirate attack.
The army's decline stemmed from the unraveling of the mansabdari system, which funded soldiers through revenue assignments called jagirs. Aurangzeb's prolonged Deccan campaigns overstrained the system, leaving too few productive jagirs for a growing number of claimants. When Nader Shah invaded in 1739 and sacked Delhi, the weakened central government could not resist, and provincial governors converted their forces into the armies of independent successor states.
The main Mughal weapons were swords, spears, and bows, supplemented by matchlock muskets called Toradar adopted widely under Akbar after the Portuguese brought firearms to India in 1498. The artillery corps used heavy cannons, bronze light artillery, swivel guns on camels called Zamburaks, and metal cylinder rockets called bans. Heavy cannons required elephants and oxen for transport, and the largest recorded piece was a mortar designed by Persian engineer Fathullah Shirazi for the Siege of Chittorgarh in 1567-1568, capable of firing a cannonball weighing over 3,000 pounds.