The word Valhalla derives from Old Norse, a compound noun composed of two elements. The first element is the masculine noun valr meaning the slain. The second element is halla which originally referred to a rock or mountain rather than a hall. This linguistic root suggests the concept was once understood as the rock of the Slain instead of a grand building. Philologists note that cognates exist in other Germanic languages such as Old English weall meaning slaughter. Old Saxon forms include wal meaning murder. These terms all descend from the Proto-Germanic masculine noun walaz. The second part of the name comes from Proto-Germanic xallō meaning covered place. This same Indo-European root produced the modern English word hell. In Swedish folklore some mountains were traditionally called halls and regarded as abodes of the dead.
Mythological Descriptions
In stanzas 8 to 10 of Grímnismál the god Odin proclaims Valhalla lies within the realm of Glaðsheimr. He describes the hall as shining and golden rising peacefully when seen from afar. Spear-shafts serve as rafters while shields form the roof like shingles. Coats of mail are strewn over benches inside the structure. A wolf hangs before the western doors and an eagle hovers above the entrance. Five hundred and forty doors lead out of the hall allowing eight hundred Einherjar to exit through one door during battle. The goat Heiðrún stands on Host-Father's hall biting limbs off Laeraðr to fill a cauldron with mead. The stag Eikþyrnir also stands atop the hall chewing branches that drip into Hvergelmir. The river Ífing divides the earth among giants and gods near this location. The field Vígríðr stretches a hundred leagues in every direction where Surtr meets the sweet gods in final battle.Valkyries And The Dead