Flavius Theodosius, known as Count Theodosius, saved Britannia from the Great Conspiracy in 368. His military career began in earnest when he defeated the Alamanni in Gaul during 366. Roman prisoners taken in that campaign were resettled in the Po Valley. The future usurper Magnus Maximus was born on estates belonging to this great Hispanic general. Some sources suggest a familial link between them, though historians debate its validity. In 372 or 373, Theodosius and his son campaigned against Sarmatians along the Danube frontier. Valentinian's rule in Africa faced disruption from Firmus's revolt in 373. The elder Theodosius crushed this uprising and retained his post until 375. His son later became dux of Moesia Prima in 373 or 374. After his father died in 375, the younger Theodosius retired to estates in Iberia. He married Aelia Flaccilla there in 376. Their first child Arcadius arrived around 377. Pulcheria followed shortly after in 377 or 378. By 378, the family returned to the Danube where he held command again.
Religious Policy And Church Councils
On the 19th of January 379, Theodosius I received imperial authority over eastern provinces at Sirmium. His wife Aelia Flaccilla rose to augusta status alongside him. On the 27th of February 380, he issued the Edict of Thessalonica making Nicene Christianity the state church. This decree marked a turning point for Roman religious policy. The Council of Antioch convened in October 379 to address theological disputes. The First Council of Constantinople opened mid-May 381 and concluded on the 9th of July. It stood as the second ecumenical council following Constantine's work at Nicaea in 325. On the 10th of January 381, Theodosius decreed against Christians deemed heretics. An edict against Manichaeism appeared on the 8th of May 381. Sacrifices intended to divine the future were prohibited on the 21st of December 381. Pagan worship was officially banned by law on the 16th of June 391. Attendance at pagan temples became illegal that same year. The Serapeum of Alexandria fell during an uprising suppressed in early summer 391.