In the ancient Greek cosmos, Tethys emerged as one of the Titans, the children born from the union of Uranus and Gaia. Hesiod lists her among twelve siblings including Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Theia, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, and Cronus. Apollodorus adds Dione to this roster while Diodorus Siculus omits Theia entirely. Tethys married her brother Oceanus, an enormous river encircling the world according to mythic geography. By him she became mother to numerous sons known as river gods and countless daughters called Oceanids. Hesiod states there were three thousand river gods springing from their union. These included Achelous, the largest river in Greece who gave his daughter to Alcmaeon and was defeated by Heracles for Deianira's hand. Alpheus fell in love with nymph Arethusa and pursued her to Syracuse where Artemis transformed her into a spring. Scamander fought on the Trojan side during the war and nearly drowned Achilles when he overflowed his banks after being offended by corpses polluting his waters. Three thousand Oceanids also descended from them. Among these daughters were Metis Zeus's first wife whom he swallowed after impregnating her with Athena. Eurynome became Zeus's third wife and mother of the Charites. Doris married Nereus and bore the Nereids. Callirhoe wed Chrysaor and gave birth to Geryon. Clymene united with Iapetus producing Atlas Menoetius Prometheus and Epimetheus. Perseis married Helios and bore Circe and Aeetes. Idyia wed Aeetes and became mother of Medea. Styx goddess of the river Styx married Pallas and bore Zelus Nike Kratos and Bia.
Primeval Parental Traditions
Passages in book 14 of the Iliad called the Deception of Zeus suggest Homer knew traditions placing Oceanus and Tethys as primeval parents rather than Uranus and Gaia. Twice Hera describes the pair as Oceanus from whom gods are sprung and mother Tethys. M.L. West argues these lines indicate a myth where they serve as first parents of all gods. Timothy Gantz counters that mother might simply mean foster mother since Hera tells us she was given by Rhea to Tethys for safekeeping during Zeus's deposition of Kronos. Hypnos later calls Oceanus genesis for all which Gantz finds hard to interpret otherwise than as father of Titans. Plato in his Timaeus provides genealogy possibly Orphic showing Uranus and Gaia as parents of Oceanus and Tethys who then birthed Cronus Rhea Phorcys and other Titans. In Cratylus Plato quotes Orpheus saying Oceanus and Tethys were first to marry reflecting another theogony tradition. Epimenides claims Night and Aer produced Tartarus who created two Titans possibly Oceanus and Tethys from whom came world egg. These conflicting accounts reveal ancient attempts to reconcile divergent mythological lineages regarding divine origins.