Romania sits at the intersection of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Its borders touch Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast.
On the 10th of May 1877 Romania proclaimed independence achieved through battlefield victories against the Ottoman Empire. The country gained formal recognition of its independence through the Treaty of Berlin signed that year.
The revolution resulted in execution of Ceaușescu and his wife Elena on the 25th of December 1989. Nicolae Ceaușescu emerged as head of communist party becoming General Secretary in 1965 then President of Socialist Republic in 1974.
Main exports include vehicles software clothing textiles industrial machinery electrical equipment metallurgic products pharmaceuticals fine chemicals agricultural products. Trade centers primarily on EU member states with Germany Italy France being largest partners.
Six cultural World Heritage Sites include eight painted churches northern Moldavia eight wooden churches Maramureș seven villages fortified churches Transylvania Horezu Monastery Historic Centre Sighișoara. Bucharest serves as both the capital and largest urban center while other major cities include Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța and Brașov.