— Ch. 1 · Origins And Founding —
People's Army of Vietnam.
~5 min read · Ch. 1 of 6
On the 22nd of December 1944, thirty-one men and three women gathered in a forest clearing to form the first unit of what would become the People's Army of Vietnam. They carried only two revolvers, seventeen rifles, one light machine gun, and fourteen breech-loading flintlocks. General Võ Nguyên Giáp stood at their head as he established this Propaganda Unit of the Liberation Army under the direct guidance of President Ho Chi Minh. The United States Office of Strategic Services provided ammunition and logistic intelligence to these initial soldiers who faced French troops in late 1944. Their first engagement occurred during the Battles of Khai Phat and Na Ngan against French colonial forces. By July 1945, five hundred PAVN soldiers attacked the Tam Dao internment camp in Tonkin where they killed fifty Japanese soldiers and officials while freeing French civilian captives. These early formations fought alongside American OSS agents led by Archimedes Patti who served as instructors for the nascent military force.
Indochina War Campaigns
The 308th Division emerged from the 88th Tu Vu Regiment and the 102nd Capital Regiment to become known later as the Pioneer Division. By late 1950, this division had grown to include three full infantry regiments supplemented by the 36th Regiment. Five new divisions each containing ten to fifteen thousand men were created throughout 1951 including the 304th Glory Division at Thanh Hóa and the 312th Victory Division in Vinh Phuc. The 351st Division became Vietnam's first artillery unit equipped with twenty-four captured one hundred five millimeter US howitzers supplied by Chinese forces before the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. Four of these original Steel and Iron divisions defeated French Union forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 ending eighty-three years of French rule in Indochina. Stefan Kubiak was a French Foreign Legionnaire who deserted after witnessing torture of Vietnamese peasants and joined the Việt Minh instead.