New York City
An estimated 800 languages are spoken in New York City, more than in any other city on earth. That single fact captures something about the place at the southern tip of New York State, where the Hudson River meets one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city holds an estimated population of 8,584,629 as of July 2025, spread across 300.46 square miles. It has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the country's second-largest city. But the numbers only begin the story. How did a Dutch fur-trading post on a small island become the most economically powerful city in the world? Why do over 5.9 million foreign-born people choose its metropolitan region, the largest such population anywhere? What turned a wooden stockade on Wall Street into the home of the two largest stock exchanges on the planet? The answers run through riots and fires, a purchased island, a gift from France, and a skyline built on shallow bedrock.
Manhattan, the smallest of the five boroughs, carried a population density of 70,450.8 people per square mile in 2022, the highest of any county in the United States. It holds Central Park, most of the city's skyscrapers, the United Nations headquarters, and Wall Street. Locals sometimes simply call it The City. Each borough is coextensive with its own county, making New York one of the rare American municipalities spread across multiple counties.
Brooklyn, on the western tip of Long Island, is the most populous borough, known for its independent art scene and distinctive architecture. Its beachfront includes Coney Island, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country. Brooklyn is also home to Fort Hamilton, the only active-duty military installation in the city, founded in 1825 on the site of a Revolutionary War battery.
Queens is geographically the largest borough and the most ethnically diverse county in the United States. It hosts Citi Field, home of the New York Mets, and the annual US Open tennis tournament at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Two of the region's three busiest airports, John F. Kennedy International and LaGuardia, sit within its bounds.
The Bronx is the only borough mostly on the U.S. mainland, the location of Yankee Stadium and the birthplace of hip hop music. Its Bronx Zoo spans 265 acres and houses more than 6,000 animals. Staten Island, the most suburban borough, is connected to Brooklyn by the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge and to Manhattan by the free Staten Island Ferry. It is nicknamed the Borough of Parks, with over 170 parks and the highest natural point on the eastern seaboard south of Maine: Todt Hill, at 409.8 feet above sea level.
In 1524, the explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano became the first documented European to visit New York Harbor, claiming the area for France and naming it Nouvelle Angouleme. A year later, in January 1525, a Spanish expedition led by the Portuguese captain Estevao Gomes charted the mouth of the Hudson, naming it Rio de San Antonio. The first non-Native American inhabitant of what became the city was Juan Rodriguez, a merchant from Santo Domingo who arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613 to 1614 to trap for pelts.
In 1626, Peter Minuit, director of New Netherland, purchased Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small Lenape band, for the value of 60 guilders, about $900 in 2018 terms. A frequently told but disproved legend claims the island was bought for $24 worth of glass beads. The settlement was named New Amsterdam that same year and chartered as a city in 1653, the year a 12-foot wooden stockade rose along what is now Wall Street.
Peter Stuyvesant began his tenure as the last director-general of New Netherland in 1647, during which the colony's population grew from 2,000 to 8,000. He improved law and order but earned a reputation as a despotic leader who blocked rival religious groups from building houses of worship. In 1664, unable to mount resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered to English troops led by Colonel Richard Nicolls without bloodshed. The settlement was renamed New York after the Duke of York, the future King James II. The Dutch briefly retook it in 1673 and called it New Orange, before returning the island to England under the Treaty of Westminster in November 1674.
By 1730, an estimated 42 percent of households in New York enslaved Africans, most as domestic workers, tying the institution to the port's banking and shipping trade with the American South. During 1990s construction in Foley Square, the African Burying Ground was discovered, holding 10,000 to 20,000 graves of colonial-era Africans, some enslaved and some free.
The Battle of Long Island in August 1776, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought within modern-day Brooklyn. After defeats there and at Fort Washington that November, George Washington retreated across the Hudson, and the British made the city their base in North America. As many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation, the largest such community on the continent. When British forces evacuated in 1783, they transported thousands of freedmen to Nova Scotia, England, and the Caribbean.
In January 1785, the Congress of the Confederation made New York City the national capital. It hosted the inauguration of George Washington and the first Congress at Federal Hall on Wall Street, where the Bill of Rights was drafted. In 1790, the city surpassed Philadelphia to become the nation's largest, and the Supreme Court held its first sessions there. At the end of that year, the capital moved to Philadelphia. Slavery was not completely abolished in the state until 1827.
The Draft Riots of 1863 erupted over Civil War conscription laws that spared wealthier men who could hire a substitute. The most visible participants were ethnic Irish working-class New Yorkers, and the unrest turned into attacks on the city's elite and then on Black residents. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground. At least 120 people were killed, eleven Black men were lynched over five days, and the Black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.
In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people. Seven years later, in 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire killed 146 garment workers, the city's worst industrial disaster, spurring the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in building safety.
The September 11 attacks in 2001 brought the largest loss of human life the city had ever suffered in a single event. Two hijacked airliners struck the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, and their collapse killed 2,753 people, including 343 firefighters and 71 law enforcement officers. The site was rebuilt with One World Trade Center, now the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere, its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet. Hurricane Sandy struck on the evening of the 29th of October 2012, killing at least 43 people in the city and causing roughly $19 billion in losses, with flooding that forced a days-long subway shutdown.
The New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a gross metropolitan product exceeding US$2.44 trillion, larger than all but nine countries. Anchored by Wall Street in Manhattan's Financial District, the city has been called the most economically powerful in the world. It is home to the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq, the world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization of their listed companies.
Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan commands the highest retail rents in the world, at 2,000 dollars per square foot in 2023. New York City holds the highest number of billionaires of any city on earth, with 110 counted in 2024, alongside the most ultra-high-net-worth individuals and millionaires by a wide margin. It is also the most expensive city in the world for expatriates and carries the highest residential rents of any American city.
Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet of office space in 2018, making New York the largest office market in the world. Midtown Manhattan alone, with 400 million square feet, is the largest central business district anywhere. Housing tells a different story of scarcity. In 2023, among 2.3 million rentable apartments, only 33,000 were available, a vacancy rate of 1.4 percent, the lowest since 1968. Median one-bedroom rents in Manhattan reached US$4,443 that year, and the city's median house price climbed past $1 million.
The New York metropolitan region holds the largest foreign-born population of any metropolitan region on earth, roughly 5.9 million as of 2023, and serves as the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. No single country dominates. The largest self-reported ancestries in 2022 ranged from Dominican at 8.7 percent and Chinese at 7.5 percent to Puerto Rican, Italian, Mexican, and Irish.
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France, was dedicated in New York Harbor in 1886 and welcomed 14 million immigrants arriving through Ellis Island in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Queens today holds the largest Tibetan population outside Asia, and Manhattan's Chinatown has the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere. With 960,000 Jewish inhabitants as of 2023, the city has the highest Jewish population of any city in the world.
The Stonewall riots, a series of protests against a police raid at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village in the early morning of the 28th of June 1969, are widely considered the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement. Same-sex marriage in New York was legalized on the 24th of June 2011. The annual NYC Pride March, which runs south down Fifth Avenue, is the largest pride parade in the world. In 2019, Stonewall 50 WorldPride NYC drew 150,000 participants and five million spectators in Manhattan alone, the largest international Pride celebration in history.
Forty-one theaters in Midtown Manhattan's Theater District, each with at least 500 seats, are classified as Broadway theaters, named after the thoroughfare crossing Times Square that is sometimes called The Great White Way. The 2018 to 2019 Broadway season set records with attendance of 14.8 million and gross revenue of $1.83 billion. After pandemic closures, the 2022 to 2023 season rebounded to $1.58 billion and attendance of 12.3 million.
New York is the birthplace of cultural movements that reshaped art and sound: the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art, abstract expressionism known as the New York School, and hip-hop, punk, salsa, and certain forms of jazz in music. The city has been called the dance capital of the world. Its fast pace gave rise to the term New York minute, and residents were voted the world's most resilient in both 2021 and 2022.
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Common questions
What is the population of New York City?
New York City had an estimated population of 8,584,629 as of July 2025, distributed over 300.46 square miles, making it the most populous and most densely populated major city in the United States. It has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the second-largest American city.
What are the five boroughs of New York City?
The five boroughs of New York City are Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Each is coextensive with its own county of New York State, and the modern city was formed by their consolidation in 1898.
Why was New York City originally called New Amsterdam?
The Dutch settlement was named New Amsterdam in 1626 after the Dutch capital and was chartered as a city in 1653. It was renamed New York in 1664 after the Duke of York, the future King James II, when England took control.
How much was Manhattan purchased for?
In 1626, Peter Minuit, director of New Netherland, purchased Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small Lenape band, for the value of 60 guilders, about $900 in 2018 terms. A frequently told but disproved legend claims it was bought for $24 worth of glass beads.
Why is New York City considered the financial capital of the world?
New York City is anchored by Wall Street and is home to the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq, the world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization. Its metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a gross metropolitan product exceeding US$2.44 trillion.
How many languages are spoken in New York City?
An estimated 800 languages are spoken in New York City, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. Its metropolitan region is home to the largest foreign-born population of any metropolitan region in the world, roughly 5.9 million as of 2023.
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- 291BookFrommer's New York City 2013Brian Silverman et al. — John Wiley & Sons — 2013
- 292https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8178620795596160936December 18, 1980
- 293NewsNew York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass LawNicholas Confessore et al. — June 24, 2011
- 294Revelers Take to the Streets For 48th Annual NYC Pride MarchCBS New York — June 25, 2017
- 295Citing its diversity and culture, NYC was voted best city in the world in new global surveyWill Gleason — March 11, 2019
- 296NewsElmhurst vigil remembers transgender victims lost to violence and hateBill Parry — July 10, 2018
- 297NewsAbout 5 million people attended WorldPride in NYC, mayor saysKarma Allen — July 3, 2019
- 298NewsHow a March for Black Trans Lives Became a Huge EventAnushka Patil — June 15, 2020
- 299Corporate Pride Events Can't Happen This Year. Let's Keep It That WayShannon Keating — June 16, 2020
- 300Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profilesMichael Lipka — Pew Research Center — July 29, 2015
- 302NewsNearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study findsSimone Weichselbaum — June 26, 2012
- 303Brooklyn, the Most Jewish Spot on EarthHilary Danailova — January 11, 2018
- 304NewsNew York City Adds 2 Muslim Holy Days to Public School CalendarMichael M. Grynbaum et al. — March 4, 2015
- 306Muslims in Metro New York (Part 2) – Specific Muslim Group EstimatesFebruary 29, 2016
- 307How America's oldest mosque was built by Muslims from the BalticTharik Hussain — May 19, 2016
- 308America's Oldest Surviving Mosque Is in WilliamsburgZuha Siddiqui — December 26, 2018
- 309Religious composition of adults in the New York City metropolitan areaPew Research Center
- 310NewsDoes New York Still Want to Be the Capital of the World?Kenneth T. Jackson — April 2, 2021
- 312Governor Hochul, Mayor Adams Announce Plan for SPARC Kips Bay, First-of-Its-Kind Job and Education Hub for Health and Life Sciences InnovationState of New York — October 13, 2022
- 313New York is now the nation's busiest port in a historic tipping point for United States–bound tradeLori Ann LaRocco — September 24, 2022
- 315Port of New York and New Jersey Remains US' Top Container PortDecember 28, 2022
- 317NewsBeijing Breaks into Top Ten in Rankings by A.T. KearneySimon Kennedy — Bloomberg L.P — April 13, 2014
- 318NewsNew York City Tops Global Competitiveness Rankings, Economist Report SaysMichelle Kaske — Bloomberg L.P. — March 12, 2012
- 319Definition of MetonymyChegg
- 320NewsMayor de Blasio announces $3M in grants for New York City's fashion industryJennifer Fermino — February 7, 2014
- 321NewsNew York Tries to Revive Garment Industry, Outside the Garment DistrictWinnie Hu — February 7, 2017
- 325NewsNew York City's Income-Inequality Gap Hasn't Changed, Report SaysKatie Honan — September 11, 2019
- 328U.S. Cities That Levy Income TaxesTonya Moreno — The Balance — February 2, 2017
- 329Personal Income Tax & Non-resident NYC Employee PaymentsNew York City Department of Finance
- 330New York City tax rate scheduleNew York State Department of Taxation and Finance — 2016
- 331NYSE Listings DirectoryNew York Stock Exchange
- 3322013 WFE Market HighlightsWorld Federation of Exchanges — January 28, 2014
- 333DiNapoli: Wall Street Bonuses Edge Up in 2014Office of the New York State Comptroller — March 11, 2015
- 334ReportSustaining New York's and the US' Global Financial Services LeadershipNew York City Economic Development Corporation
- 335Total debt securitiesBank for International Settlements — June 2013
- 336NewsRanking the Biggest U.S. Banks: A New Entrant in Top 5Saabira Chaudhuri — September 15, 2014
- 337Q3 2018 U.S. Office Market OutlookCynthia Foster — Colliers International — December 7, 2018
- 338NewsLaw firm Paul Weiss signs biggest US office lease of 2023 in ManhattanJoe Miller and Joshua Chaffin — December 21, 2023
- 339Understanding The Manhattan Office Space MarketOfficespaceseeker.com
- 340Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11Cushman & Wakefield, Inc
- 341Magazine'Silicon Alley' Provides Path To Prosperity For New York CityBrad Thomas — September 11, 2021
- 342SA 100 2013: The Coolest People In New York TechMegan Rose Dickey et al. — October 24, 2013
- 343NewsThe History of New York's Silicon AlleyPeter Ward — March 8, 2018
- 344AI Strategy
- 345Google, Amazon, Nvidia and other tech giants invest in AI startup Hugging Face, sending its valuation to $4.5 billionKif Leswing — CNBC — August 24, 2023
- 347NewsEven Without Amazon, Tech Could Keep Gaining Ground in New YorkBen Casselman et al. — February 15, 2019
- 348NewsA Year After its Launch, TechNYC Has Become a Force in New York PoliticsJonathan Schieber — May 24, 2017
- 349City AI firms bucked the VC downturn, raised a whopping $483.6M in 2022Cara Eisenpress — Crain Communications — March 22, 2023
- 350New York City Unveils AI Action Plan that Develops Rules FrameworkPYMNTS — October 16, 2023
- 351NewsCornell Alumnus Is Behind $350 Million Gift to Build Science School in CityRichard Pérez-Peña — December 19, 2011
- 352'Game-changing' Tech Campus Goes to Cornell, TechnionAnne Ju — Cornell University — December 19, 2011
- 353New York's Fifth Avenue Retains its Top Ranking as the World's Most Expensive Retail DestinationCushman & Wakefield — November 20, 2023
- 355NewsDepartment of Finance Publishes Fiscal Year 2017 Tentative Assessment RollNew York City Department of Finance — January 15, 2016
- 363History in Photos: New York is the Most Photographed City in the WorldJanuary 19, 2022
- 364The Most Photographed Places In The World Based On Traveler DataJamie McNeely — Expedia — June 25, 2018
- 365NewsThe world's most photographed placesAna Swanson — August 26, 2015
- 366Chip Kidd talks with Milton GlaserSeptember 2003
- 367I Love New York LogoNew York State Education Department — September 26, 2013
- 372Times Square
- 373New York Architecture Images—Midtown Times Square2011 nyc-architecture
- 375Broadway Season StatisticsThe Broadway League
- 376BookNew York City SkyscrapersRichard Panchyk — Arcadia Publishing — 2010
- 377BookNew York: The Movie Lover's Guide: The Ultimate Insider Tour of Movie New YorkRichard Alleman — Crown/Archetype — 2013
- 378ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first timeDawn Ennis — LGBTQ Nation — May 24, 2017
- 379Press releaseTampa Bay 12th Largest Media Market NowTampa Bay Partnership — August 26, 2005
- 388New York Film Academy, New York CityNew York Film Academy
- 389Request for Expressions of InterestGovernors Island Preservation and Education Corporation — 2005
- 390About NYC MediaCity of New York
- 394Top 30 Public Radio Subscribers – Spring 2006 ArbitronRadio Research Consortium — August 28, 2006
- 396Private School Universe SurveyNational Center for Education Statistics
- 397Nation's Largest LibrariesLibrarySpot
- 398NewsAmerica's Biggest College TownsSeptember 8, 2016
- 400Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019Shanghai Ranking Consultancy
- 403Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017Shanghai Ranking Consultancy Consultancy
- 404CWUR 2016—World University RankingsCenter for World University Rankings
- 406The Doctor Is In: New York's Increasing Number of DoctorsBlair Horner et al. — New York City Economic Development Corporation — August 2014
- 407Press releaseMayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Economic Development Corporation President Andrew M. Alper Unveil Plans to Develop Commercial Bioscience Center in ManhattanNew York City Economic Development Corporation — November 18, 2004
- 408Consulate General of Iceland New York CultureConsulate General of Iceland New York
- 409Consulate of Latvia in New YorkConsulate of Latvia
- 410Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) CultureThe Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011
- 411BookNew York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... et al.National Library of Australia — 1988
- 412NewsHarlem in the Jazz AgeFebruary 8, 1987
- 413NewsART; A 1920's Flowering That Didn't DisappearHolland Cotter — May 24, 1998
- 414NewsWill Gentrification Spoil the Birthplace of Hip-Hop?David Gonzalez — May 21, 2007
- 415BookSonic Cool: The Life & Death of Rock 'N' RollJoe S. Harrington — Hal Leonard — 2002
- 416MagazineSurvival of the StreetsSam McPheeters et al. — September 1, 2009
- 417Harlem Renaissance Music in the 1920s1920s Fashion & Music
- 418Free To Dance—About The FilmPublic Broadcasting Service
- 419Group VisitsAlvin Ailey Dance Foundation, Inc
- 421MagazineThe City That EnduresSeptember 7, 2021
- 422New York is the most resilient city in the world, according to localsShaye Weaver — July 22, 2022
- 423NewsOn Subways as Riders Return: Odes to Their ResilienceColin Moynihan — May 3, 2020
- 424BookThe History of North American Theater: From Pre-Columbian Times to the PresentFelicia Hardison Londré et al. — Continuum — 1998
- 425News2 plays + 9 nominations = good odds for localsAnne Marie Welsh — June 6, 2004
- 426The Great White WayVR McBeth — September 25, 2006
- 427BookTimes Square Spectacular: Lighting Up BroadwayDarcy Tell — HarperCollins — 2007
- 428BookThe City in Slang: New York Life and Popular SpeechIrving Lewis Allen — Oxford University Press — 1995
- 434BookAmerican VoicesMichael Newman — Blackwell — 2005
- 435NewsOy Gevalt! New Yawkese: An Endangered Dialect?Deborah Sontag — February 14, 1993
- 436As One World Trade Center soars, so do its costsMarisa Taylor — MSNBC
- 441BookHistory of Housing in New York City: Dwelling Type and Change in the American MetropolisRichard A. Plunz — Columbia University Press — 1990
- 442BookNew York: Old & New: Its Story, Streets, and LandmarksRufus Rockwell Wilson — J.B. Lippincott — 1902
- 443NewsIf You're Thinking of Living In/Riverdale, the Bronx; A Community Jealous of Its Open SpaceMargaret Garb — March 1, 1998
- 444New York Metro: 6 Affordable NeighborhoodsSeptember 17, 2001
- 445NewsIf You're Thinking of Living In/Douglaston, Queens; Timeless City Area, With a Country FeelDiana Shaman — February 8, 2004
- 446About Summer StageCity Parks Foundation
- 447Creative New YorkCenter for an Urban Future — December 2005
- 449NewsReaching High on Upper 5th AvenueLaura Kusisto — October 21, 2011
- 451NewsNew Drive Promoting 5th Ave.'s 'Museum Mile'June 27, 1979
- 452NewsLeonardo da Vinci Painting Sells for $450.3 Million, Shattering Auction HighsRobin Pogrebin et al. — November 15, 2017
- 453Christ painting by Leonardo da Vinci sells for record $450MMSN — November 15, 2017
- 455BookMasterpieces of the Metropolitan Museum of ArtPhilippe de Montebello — Metropolitan Museum of Art — 1997
- 456Pastrami On Rye: A Full-length History Of The Jewish DeliThe World — March 31, 2016
- 457Is Corned Beef Really Irish?Shaylyn Esposito — March 15, 2013
- 458NewsKebabs on the Night ShiftJennifer Bleyer — May 14, 2006
- 45927,479 restaurants selected by the Michelin Guide—Top DestinationsMichelin Guide
- 460Restaurant Inspection Results (Letter Grades)New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
- 461$15-Per-Hour Minimum Wage Isn't What NYC Restaurant Workers OrderedJennifer Tiedemann — In Defense of Liberty — April 8, 2019
- 462Global Center of FashionNYCEDC
- 463New York Fashion Week 2023 Retailers bring the runway to real-lifeNaeme Elzein — August 22, 2023
- 464NewsThe Economic Impact of New York Fashion WeekDiana Juarez — October 4, 2023
- 465New York: Fashion Design Capital of the U.S.All Art Schools
- 468Met Gala 2023: Fashion's biggest night honors Karl LagerfeldAli Bauman — CBS News — May 1, 2023
- 469Millions Of Revelers Marvel Over Macy's Thanksgiving Day ParadeCBS Broadcasting Inc — November 24, 2016
- 470Guide to the 2016 Macy's Thanksgiving Day ParadeHilarey Wojtowicz — The Independent Traveler, Inc
- 471National Football League Company InformationHoover's, Inc.
- 472Major League Baseball Company InformationHoover's, Inc.
- 473National Basketball Association, Inc. Company InformationHoover's, Inc.
- 474National Hockey League Company InformationHoover's, Inc.
- 475Major League Soccer, L.L.C. Company InformationHoover's, Inc.
- 47911 Most Expensive Stadiums in the WorldEsteban — Total Pro Sports — October 27, 2011
- 480NewsPreparations Different for a Home-and-Home ContestDecember 22, 2011
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- 484New York Yankees: Facts, History, Stats, and ResourcesThe free sources
- 485NewsHow Mets, Colt .45s Grew Up To Beat The BulliesOctober 8, 1986
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- 497US Open 2015United States Tennis Association
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- 5122014 HHC Report to the CommunityNew York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
- 514New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation HistoryFunding Universe
- 516New York State Tobacco Control LawsNew York State Department of Health
- 517Could New York City's right to shelter apply statewide?Annie McDonough — City & State New York — August 15, 2023
- 522MagazineWorst-Case ScenarioArthur Prager — February–March 2006
- 523CompstatCity of New York Police Department
- 524JournalDon't Tell New York, But Crime Is Going UpCity University of New York — December 15–31, 2013
- 535Youth GangsMark Berkey-Gerard — March 5, 2001
- 536NewsNY Crime: Mafia Is Down—but Not Out – Crime Families Adapt to Survive, Lowering Profile and Using Need-to-Know TacticsSean Gardiner et al. — February 18, 2014
- 537How New York Gang Culture Is ChangingSeth Ferranti — August 18, 2015
- 538ReportSpecial Investigation Report: New York City Transit Authority Subway System FiresNational Transportation Safety Board — October 23, 1985
- 5399 Metrotech Center – FDNY HeadquartersFresh Meadow Mechanical Corp
- 540FDNY Fire AcademyThe City of New York
- 541The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York RegionMetropolitan Transportation Authority
- 542Commuting in America III: Commuting FactsAlan Pisarski — Transportation Research Board — October 16, 2006
- 550NewsNew York City Subway Returns to 24-Hour ServiceWinnie Hu et al. — May 17, 2021
- 551The world's top 10 busiest metrosNovember 12, 2014
- 553NewsNew Yorkers are Top Transit UsersLes Christie — CNNMoney.com — June 29, 2007
- 554NHTS 2001 Highlights Report, BTS03-05Bureau of Transportation Statistics — 2001
- 555ReportThe Hardest Working CitiesOffice of the New York City Comptroller — March 2015
- 556U.S. Parking Policies: An Overview of Management StrategiesRachel Weinberger et al. — Institute for Transportation and Development Policy — 2010
- 557New York City's Green DividendCEOs for Cities — April 21, 2010
- 559National Fact Sheet Fiscal Year 2013Amtrak
- 56310 things we bet you didn't know about Grand CentralSignum International AG
- 564NewsNYC Transit Projects: East Side Access, Second Avenue Subway, And 7 Train Extension (PHOTOS)Verena Dobnik — February 7, 2013
- 572Stewart International Airport upgrade approved as Port Authority aims to increase passenger trafficSteve Strunsky — New Jersey On-Line LLC. — May 31, 2012
- 573Staten Island Ferry ridershilip breaks recordAnna Sanders — SILive.com — September 20, 2016
- 574Staten Island FerryNew York City Department of Transportation — September 18, 2017
- 575First of New York's citywide ferries arrives in Brooklyn Bridge ParkZoe Rosenberg — Curbed New York, Vox Media — April 17, 2017
- 583Congestion pricing in New York gets the go-ahead after all. MaybeThe Economist — November 21, 2024
- 584NewsNew York City's streets are 'more congested than ever': reportAmy Plitt et al. — August 15, 2019
- 585NewsSolving the city's traffic nightmaresJason M. Barr — September 5, 2019
- 587NewsWelcome to the Congestion Zone: New York Toll Program Is Set to BeginWinnie Hu and Ana Ley — January 4, 2025
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- 599Holland TunnelNational Park Service
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- 602Forms of Municipal GovernmentNational League of Cities
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- 605BookGibson's New York Legal Research GuideEllen M. Gibson et al. — Wm. S. Hein Publishing — 2004
- 606NewsCouncilman Ben Kallos wants city to publish government notices on its websiteErin Durkin — May 26, 2014
- 615Downstate Pays More, Upstate Gets More: Does It Matter?The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government—The Public Policy Research Arm of the State University of New York — December 2011
- 616History
- 617NYC's Partner CitiesThe City of New York
- 619KL's Sister Citiesposkod.my — October 21, 2010
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