— Ch. 1 · The Report Structure And Scope —
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.
~5 min read · Ch. 1 of 7
In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its Fourth Assessment Report. This document stands as the largest and most detailed summary of climate change ever undertaken. Thousands of authors, editors, and reviewers from dozens of countries contributed to its creation. The process took six years to complete. Over 130 countries provided contributors for this massive undertaking. More than 2,500 scientific expert reviewers examined the drafts. Eight hundred contributing authors wrote sections of the text. Four hundred fifty lead authors coordinated the final work. The report cites over 6,000 peer-reviewed scientific studies. It consists of four principal sections covering physical science, impacts, mitigation, and a synthesis.
Physical Science Observations
Working Group I published its full report in March 2007. A Summary for Policymakers appeared earlier that February. The section assessed current scientific knowledge of natural and human drivers of climate change. Carbon dioxide levels reached 379 parts per million in 2005. Methane concentrations hit 1,774 parts per billion during the same year. These values far exceed pre-industrial ranges recorded over the last 650,000 years. Eleven of twelve years between 1995 and 2006 ranked among the top twelve warmest years since records began in 1880. Global average temperature increased by about 0.74 degrees Celsius over the past century. Ocean temperatures rose to depths of at least 3,000 meters. Average Arctic temperatures increased at almost twice the global average rate in the past 100 years. Mountain glaciers and snow cover declined on average across both hemispheres. Sea level rose at an average rate of 1.8 millimeters per year from 1961 to 2003. That rate doubled to 3.1 millimeters annually between 1993 and 2003.