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Adapted from Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Modified for audio. This HearLore entry is also licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

— Ch. 1 · The Convention Upset —

Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign.

~3 min read · Ch. 1 of 6
In the summer of 1872, a portrait of Horace Greeley hung in New York offices as the political landscape shifted. U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Davis started as the favorite for the Liberal Republican nomination. Newspapers relentlessly attacked him until his support crumbled. Charles Francis Adams, Sr., former Minister to the United Kingdom and son of John Quincy Adams, opened the convention with 205 delegates. Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown dropped out and endorsed Horace Greeley instead. Greeley overtook Adams on the second ballot with 245 votes against Adams's 243. Lyman Trumbull surged on the third ballot before Greeley secured 334 delegates on the sixth ballot. The final count gave Greeley 482 delegates while Adams received only 187. Senator Carl Schurz felt shocked by this outcome. The press and public also expressed surprise at the choice.

A Strange Alliance

Liberal Republicans believed they could infiltrate the Democratic Party through this shared ticket. Democrats thought they could dominate the Liberal Republicans by joining forces. This alliance ignored deep ideological differences regarding trade policy. The Liberal Republicans were largely pro-free trade yet chose a staunch protectionist like Greeley. Greeley had no prior government experience or political background. He was known for eccentric ideas ranging from vegetarianism to spiritualism. His paper trail contained controversial statements that enemies exploited easily. A dissident group called themselves the Straight-Out Democratic Party. They held a second convention in Louisville, Kentucky. Charles O'Conor and John Quincy Adams II became their candidates. Electors pledged to them won just 0.35% of the popular vote.

Mudslinging And Bloody Shirts

Greeley partisans labeled Grant a dictator and a drunk during the campaign. Grant supporters called Greeley a traitor and a flake instead. Federal officials arrested over 1,000 people under Reconstruction Enforcement Acts. These arrests ensured Black voters could cast ballots without obstruction. Republicans waved the bloody shirt to associate Democrats with secession. They linked the party directly to the defeated Confederacy. Greeley traveled through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. He delivered up to 22 speeches per day across nearly 200 total addresses. Critics claimed he said wrong things to wrong audiences repeatedly. Political attacks hurt him because he took them extremely personally. The strategy relied on fear and historical grievances rather than policy debates.

Exhaustion And Personal Loss

Horace Greeley suffered a personal tragedy when his wife fell ill in October 1872. She died shortly after falling sick while the election was underway. Exhaustion weighed heavily on Greeley as he continued traveling. Demoralization set in as the campaign dragged forward. He struggled to handle criticism from opponents effectively. His running mate Gratz Brown caused public embarrassment at events. Brown attended gatherings while intoxicated and made policy errors. At a campaign picnic, Brown sliced and buttered a watermelon while drunk. He fainted before a gathering in New York City. These incidents damaged the ticket's credibility significantly. Greeley himself died several weeks after the election due to exhaustion.

The Running Mate Scandal

Gratz Brown became an embarrassment during the campaign trail. He delivered speeches while intoxicated multiple times throughout the tour. A crowd witnessed him slicing and buttering a watermelon while drunk. He forgot party policies and made general misstatements publicly. Brown fainted before a large gathering in New York City. These actions undermined the Liberal Republican message entirely. Voters saw a candidate who could not maintain composure. The scandals distracted from any substantive policy discussions. Brown's behavior contrasted sharply with the dignity expected of a vice president. The Democratic Party accepted this ticket despite these flaws.

Landslide And Electoral Chaos

Grant won 31 out of 37 states in the Electoral College count. The final tally reached 286 votes for Grant against 66 for Greeley. Arkansas and Louisiana awarded 14 electoral votes that were rejected later. Allegations of electoral fraud surrounded those specific state results. Grant secured 55.6% of the national popular vote compared to 43.8%. His winning percentage stood as the highest between 1828 and 1904. Greeley lost with the lowest percentage recorded between 1848 and 1904. Grant performed much weaker in the Southern region overall. Republican appeal there remained limited primarily to Black men only. The margin represented one of the most decisive victories in history.

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1872 United States presidential campaigns1872 United States presidential election19th-century Democratic Party (United States) presidential campaignsHorace Greeley

Common questions

Who won the 1872 presidential election against Horace Greeley?

Ulysses S. Grant won the 1872 presidential election with 286 electoral votes compared to 66 for Horace Greeley. Grant secured 55.6% of the national popular vote while Greeley received 43.8%. The final tally included 31 out of 37 states won by Grant in the Electoral College count.

When did Horace Greeley die during his 1872 campaign?

Horace Greeley died several weeks after the election due to exhaustion following the death of his wife on the 2nd of October 1872. His running mate Gratz Brown caused public embarrassment at events throughout the tour. Greeley struggled to handle criticism from opponents effectively as the campaign dragged forward.

How many delegates did Horace Greeley receive on the sixth ballot of the Liberal Republican convention?

Horace Greeley secured 334 delegates on the sixth ballot of the Liberal Republican convention held in May 1872. The final count gave Greeley 482 delegates while Charles Francis Adams, Sr., received only 187. Lyman Trumbull surged on the third ballot before Greeley overtook Adams on the second ballot with 245 votes against Adams's 243.

Why did Horace Greeley lose the 1872 presidential election so decisively?

Horace Greeley lost the 1872 presidential election because he suffered a personal tragedy when his wife fell ill and died shortly after falling sick on the 2nd of October 1872. Exhaustion weighed heavily on Greeley as he continued traveling and Demoralization set in as the campaign dragged forward. His running mate Gratz Brown caused public embarrassment at events including fainting before a gathering in New York City.

What happened during the 1872 campaign involving Gratz Brown and watermelons?

Gratz Brown attended gatherings while intoxicated and made policy errors throughout the tour. At a campaign picnic, Brown sliced and buttered a watermelon while drunk before fainting before a large gathering in New York City. These actions undermined the Liberal Republican message entirely and damaged the ticket's credibility significantly.

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