Roman coins struck during the reign of Hadrian depict a female figure with a rabbit at her feet. Strabo called the region the land of the rabbits in his geographical writings from 29 to 7 BC. The Phoenicians referred to the area as possibly meaning land of metals or northern island. Isidore of Sevilla derived the name from Hispalis, the pre-Roman name for Seville. Eric Partridge revived this theory in his work Origins suggesting an ancient Iberian root named Hispa. Jesuit scholars like Larramendi and José Francisco de Isla tied the name to the Basque word lip meaning border or edge. Literary texts from Antiquity derive the term from an eponymous hero named Hispan mentioned by Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus in the 1st century BC. The Latin term Spania continued to be used geographically and politically in Visigothic times as shown in expressions praising Mother Hispania.
Prehistoric Settlements And Cultures
Neanderthals entered Iberia and took refuge from advancing migrations of modern humans during the Paleolithic period. In the 40th millennium BC the first large settlement of Europe by modern humans occurred on the steppes of Central Asia. These nomadic hunter-gatherers retreated through Southern France into Iberia when the last ice age reached its maximum extent around 30th millennium BC. Pre-historic art such as that found in L'Arbreda Cave and in the Côa Valley thrived after Neanderthals became extinct. The Azilian culture appeared in Southern France and Northern Iberia to the mouth of the Douro river during the Mesolithic period beginning in 10th millennium BC. The Muge Culture developed in the Tagus valley alongside the Allerød Oscillation interstadial deglaciation. Agriculture began spreading across most of Europe with one of its oldest main centres located in modern Portugal during the Neolithic era from 5th millennium BC onwards. The Chalcolithic and Beaker cultures followed this agricultural revolution.