The Communist Party of Ukraine was reestablished on the 6th of March 1993 during an All-Ukrainian Conference held in Makiivka. The Verkhovna Rada legalized these new communist parties two months later.
Petro Symonenko has led the Communist Party of Ukraine continuously since his election as First Secretary at the 1st Congress on the 19th of June 1993. He remained the party leader through multiple elections until fleeing to Belarus during the Russian invasion.
The District Administrative Court in Kyiv banned the Communist Party of Ukraine on the 16th of December 2015 for actions aimed at violating Ukraine's sovereignty and inciting ethnic hatred. A Lviv court ruling banned the party again on the 6th of July 2022 following the Russian invasion, transferring all assets including buildings and funds to the Ukrainian state.
In the 1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election the Communist Party of Ukraine won 24.65% of the vote and secured 123 seats in Parliament. This result made them the largest party in the legislature during that period.
During the invasion Symonenko fled to Belarus with assistance from Russian forces. In August 2023 the Security Service of Ukraine opened an investigation against him on charges of sedition and treason.