— Ch. 1 · The Contract That Changed Hollywood —
Citizen Kane.
~7 min read · Ch. 1 of 7
On the 21st of August 1939, Orson Welles signed a contract with RKO Pictures that granted him unprecedented creative control. The agreement stipulated that Welles would act in, direct, produce and write two films for a total of $225,000 plus 20% of profits after RKO recouped $500,000. Most controversially, the studio could not see any footage until Welles chose to show it, and no cuts could be made without his approval. This final cut privilege was unheard of for an untried director who had never made a feature film before. RKO executives like George J. Schaefer believed Welles would pull off something big almost as much as Welles did himself. The Hollywood press mocked the arrangement, but Schaefer saw it as good publicity. Welles arrived at the studio on the 20th of July 1939, calling the movie studio "the greatest electric train set a boy ever had." He spent five months trying to get projects off the ground without success. His first attempt involved adapting Heart of Darkness through a first-person camera, but he could not trim $50,000 from its budget. War loomed in Europe by fall 1939, causing revenue to decline sharply. RKO pressured him to make The Men from Mars to capitalize on his famous radio broadcast, but Welles wanted to make a different film first.
The Authorship Dispute