Benjamin D'Israeli was born on the 21st of December 1804 at 6 King's Road, Bedford Row, Bloomsbury. His family carried a Sephardic Jewish mercantile background that he would later reshape into a story of grand Spanish and Venetian descent. The boy grew up in a household where his father Isaac had once been a prominent member of the Bevis Marks Synagogue before a dispute led to their departure from Judaism. Disraeli himself became an Anglican at the age of twelve during a baptism ceremony held in July and August 1817. This conversion enabled him to contemplate a career in politics since MPs were required to take the oath of allegiance on the true faith of a Christian until the Jews Relief Act 1858. He later romanticized his origins claiming his father's family was of great distinction while historians note Isaac's family was actually of no great distinction.
Speculation And Literary Ruin
In November 1821 Benjamin changed his surname from D'Israeli to Disraeli to avoid confusion with his father. He began speculating heavily on the stock exchange after leaving his solicitor firm Swain Stevens Maples Pearse and Hunt. A boom in South American mining shares swept through London as Spain lost its colonies to rebellions. Disraeli wrote three anonymous pamphlets for financier J.D. Powles promoting these companies in 1825. The mining bubble burst in late 1825 leaving him and his partners having lost £7,000 by June that year. He could not pay off the last of his debts from this debacle until 1849. His first novel Vivian Grey published anonymously in four volumes between 1826 and 1827 sold well but caused much offence when authorship was discovered. Reviewers sharply criticized both the book and its twenty-three-year-old author for numerous solecisms that revealed he did not move in high society.