— Ch. 1 · From Asteroid To Moon —
Artemis II.
~5 min read · Ch. 1 of 7
In April 2017, NASA canceled the Asteroid Redirect Mission. This decision forced a complete rewrite of Exploration Mission-2 plans. The agency had originally designed a single-launch mission to rendezvous with an asteroid placed in lunar orbit by a robotic spacecraft. Astronauts were scheduled to perform spacewalks and gather samples from that captured rock. Without that target, planners proposed an eight-day free-return trajectory around the Moon instead. Another proposal suggested delivering the first element of the Deep Space Gateway on an eight-to-twenty-one day trip. By March 2018, officials decided to launch the first Gateway module on a commercial SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket due to delays in building the Mobile Launcher. The objectives shifted from capturing asteroids to testing human endurance during a lunar flyby.
Building The Rocket
On the 11th of February 2023, engineers rotated the Artemis II core stage engine section into a horizontal position. This marked the final major milestone before integration with the rest of the vehicle. On March 20, the engine section mated with the core stage in Building 103 at the Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. RS-25 engines with serial numbers E2047, E2059, E2062, and E2063 were installed by the 25th of September 2023. A leak discovered in oxygen valve hydraulics forced the replacement of engine E2063 with E2061 in April 2025. NASA initially expected to deliver the completed core stage to Kennedy Space Center in summer 2023 but delayed that timeline to late autumn 2023. Fully outfitted core stage delivery occurred between July 16 and 25, 2024. Adapters for integration reached substantial completion in June 2024 and arrived at KSC in September 2024. Stacking operations began on the 20th of November 2024, after delays caused by life support system investigations.