— Ch. 1 · A Russian Inheritance —
Alexandre Kojève.
~4 min read · Ch. 1 of 6
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kozhevnikov entered the world on the 28th of April 1902 within the borders of the Russian Empire. He was born into a wealthy and influential family that would shape his early trajectory. His uncle, Wassily Kandinsky, stood as one of history's most important abstract artists. Kojève wrote an essay about Kandinsky's work in 1936 that gained significant attention among art critics. This familial connection provided him with access to avant-garde circles long before he turned to philosophy. The young man studied at both the University of Berlin and the University of Heidelberg during the 1920s. He completed his doctoral thesis under Karl Jaspers in 1926. The title of this dissertation read Die religiöse Philosophie Wladimir Solowjews. It examined Vladimir Soloviev's views on the union of God and man in Christ.
The Hegel Seminars
Kojève delivered a series of lectures on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit between 1933 and 1939. These sessions took place in Paris and attracted a small but highly influential group of intellectuals. Raymond Queneau attended these classes alongside Georges Bataille and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. André Breton and Jacques Lacan also sat in the audience while Michel Leiris listened intently. Henry Corbin and Éric Weil were other notable attendees who would later shape French thought. Raymond Queneau edited and published these collected lectures in 1947. They appeared in English as Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit. His interpretation of the master, slave dialectic profoundly influenced Jacques Lacan's mirror stage theory. Post-structuralist philosophers like Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida acknowledged Kojève's influence on their own work. The well-known end of history thesis suggested that ideological history had ended with the French Revolution and Napoleon's regime.