Short answers, pulled from the story.
Uranus is the personification of the sky in Greek mythology and one of the Greek primordial deities. According to Hesiod's Theogony, Gaia, the Earth, bore Uranus as her equal and then mated with him to produce the first generation of Titans, the Cyclopes, and the Hecatoncheires.
Most linguists trace the name Ouranos to a Proto-Greek root meaning to rain or to moisten, making Uranus essentially the rain-maker or lord of rain. The same Indo-European root appears in Sanskrit varsa for rain and Hittite warsa for fog or mist.
Uranus hated his children and hid them inside Gaia, causing her great distress. Gaia fashioned a sickle of adamant and urged her children to punish their father; only Cronus, the youngest Titan, agreed to act. The castration allowed the Titans to rule and Cronus to assume supreme command of the cosmos.
According to Hesiod's Theogony, from Uranus's blood spilled onto the Earth came the Giants, the Erinyes (the avenging Furies), and the Meliae (the ash-tree nymphs). From his genitals thrown into the sea grew the goddess Aphrodite.
The astronomer Johann Bode proposed Uranus because it completed the mythological logic of the solar system: Saturn is Cronus, Jupiter is Zeus the son of Cronus, so the next outer planet should be Uranus, the father of Cronus. The name was accepted in the mid-19th century, making Uranus the only planet in the familiar sequence with a Greek rather than a Roman name.
No cult addressed directly to Uranus survived into classical times. He does not appear among the standard themes of Greek painted pottery, and there is no evidence of festivals or temples dedicated to him, despite his central role in Hesiod's Theogony.