Short answers, pulled from the story.
William Herschel discovered Uranus on the 13th of March 1781, observing it from the garden of his house at 19 New King Street in Bath, England. He initially reported it as a comet before astronomers recognised it as a planet.
Uranus has the lowest minimum temperature of any planet, with a tropopause reading of 49 K. It radiates almost no excess internal heat, unlike Neptune, which radiates 2.61 times the energy it receives from the Sun.
Uranus has an axial tilt of 82.23 degrees, nearly parallel to its orbital plane. The usual explanation is that an Earth-sized protoplanet collided with Uranus 3 to 4 billion years ago, knocking it onto its side.
Uranus has 29 known natural satellites and 13 distinct rings. Its five main moons are Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon, named from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope.
Johann Elert Bode proposed the name Uranus in March 1782, after the Greek sky god Ouranos. Herschel had wanted Georgium Sidus, George's Star, after King George the Third, but Bode's name became universal in 1850.
Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have visited Uranus, making its closest approach on the 24th of January 1986 within 81500 km of the cloudtops. China's Tianwen-4 plans a subprobe flyby of Uranus in March 2045.
Uranus is an ice giant made mostly of water, ammonia, and methane in a supercritical state, with a small rocky core and a thin hydrogen and helium envelope. Its mass is roughly 14.5 times that of Earth.