Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on the 10th of December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. It was passed as Resolution 217 during the third session of the United Nations General Assembly, with 48 votes in favour, none against, eight abstentions, and two nations not voting.
Canadian John Peters Humphrey, Director of the Division of Human Rights within the UN Secretariat, is credited as the Declaration's principal drafter and devised its blueprint. French jurist René Cassin composed the first full draft. The drafting committee was chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States, with Vice-Chairman P.C. Chang of the Republic of China and Committee Rapporteur Charles Malik of Lebanon as other prominent members.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights consists of 30 articles. They cover individual rights, civil and political rights, freedoms of thought and expression, and economic, social, and cultural rights, concluding with three articles on the duties individuals owe to one another and to society.
The UDHR is not itself a legally binding treaty. Eleanor Roosevelt supported adopting it as a declaration rather than a treaty. However, its principles have been elaborated in binding international instruments, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which came into force in 1976, and all 193 UN member states have ratified at least one of the nine binding treaties influenced by the Declaration.
Saudi Arabia abstained in 1948 primarily because of two articles: Article 18, which affirms the right to change one's religion or belief, and Article 16, on equal marriage rights. Saudi Arabia claimed these provisions violated Islamic law. It was the sole abstainer among Muslim-majority countries at the time; Pakistan, also an Islamic state, signed the Declaration and explicitly argued in favour of including freedom of religion.
As of 2024, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights had been translated into 562 languages, making it the most translated document in the world. The Guinness Book of Records certified this record in 1999 when it reached 298 translations, and again a decade later when the text reached 370 languages and dialects. The Declaration surpassed 500 translations in 2016.