Short answers, pulled from the story.
A student named Peter T. Dotson found the first Tyrannosaurus tooth on South Table Mountain in Colorado in July 1874. This fragment later became the key to identifying the creature that would define the apex predator of the Late Cretaceous.
Henry Fairfield Osborn officially named the creature Tyrannosaurus rex in 1905 while serving as president of the American Museum of Natural History. He translated the Greek words for tyrant and lizard combined with the Latin word for king to emphasize the animal's massive size and dominance.
Amateur paleontologist Sue Hendrickson discovered the most complete Tyrannosaurus skeleton on the 12th of August 1990 in the Hell Creek Formation. The specimen measures approximately thirty-nine feet in length and weighs around eight thousand eight hundred pounds.
The Tyrannosaurus rex experienced a rapid growth spurt during its teenage years gaining an average of two thousand pounds per year between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. This explosive growth phase allowed the dinosaur to reach sexual maturity by the age of eighteen before its growth slowed dramatically.
The Tyrannosaurus rex specimen known as Scotty is reported to be even larger than others measuring forty-two feet in length and weighing up to nine thousand pounds. This specimen challenges previous assumptions about the maximum size of the species.
Mary Higby Schweitzer and colleagues discovered soft tissue in the femur of specimen MOR 1125 in 2005. This finding revealed flexible blood vessels and fibrous bone matrix tissue that suggested the dinosaur had a metabolism somewhere between ectothermic reptiles and endothermic mammals.