Short answers, pulled from the story.
Theft is defined as dealing with property dishonestly without consent and intending to deprive the owner. A basic offence carries imprisonment of up to 10 years while an aggravated offence carries a maximum penalty of 15 years imprisonment.
A mental state known as mens rea must accompany the physical act for theft to occur. If a person mistakenly takes another's property but lacks the intent to permanently deprive them, no crime occurs because she believes she is the owner.
Section 334 divides theft into two separate offences based on value where items exceeding $5000 carry up to 10 years imprisonment. Items under $5000 constitute Theft Under $5000 carrying maximum sentences of six months imprisonment or fines.
Buddhism prohibits theft involving the intention to steal what one perceives as not belonging to oneself. Sharia law prescribes amputation of the right hand if the thief does not repent according to surah 5 verse 38 of the Quran.
Statistics prove difficult to compare usefully due to variations in proportion reported to police and compilation methods. Disparities exist between developed and developing regions regarding reporting accuracy despite available metrics.