Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Buddha was Siddhartha Gautama, a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in the eastern Indo-Gangetic plains in the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. The word Buddha is not a personal name but a title meaning Awakened One or Enlightened One, drawn from the root budh, to wake.
The dates of the Buddha's birth and death are uncertain because Buddhist texts preserve two rival chronologies, both giving him a lifespan of 80 years. The long chronology yields dates such as 624 to 544 BCE or 566 to 486 BCE, while the short chronology places his life as late as 448 to 368 BCE. At a 1988 symposium, most scholars gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for his death.
According to Buddhist tradition the Buddha was born at Lumbini, in modern-day Nepal, and raised at Kapilavastu. He attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya in Bihar and died at Kushinagar, in modern Uttar Pradesh, in a grove of Sala trees.
No written records of Gautama survive from his lifetime or the one or two centuries after, but from the middle of the 3rd century BCE the Edicts of Ashoka name the Buddha and Buddhism. Archaeological sites at Vaishali and Lumbini have been linked to his time, and a wooden structure excavated at Lumbini around 2015 was carbon dated to possibly the 6th century BCE. Most scholars accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order during the reign of Bimbisara of Magadha.
Siddhartha Gautama renounced his home after concluding that his life was subject to old age, disease and death, and that there might be something better. He had a wife named Yasodhara and a son named Rahula, and described his earlier life as very spoilt, but left the palace to live as a wandering ascetic.
The Buddha's final words are reported as All sankharas decay, strive for the goal with diligence, spoken at Kushinagar. After eating a last meal offered by a blacksmith named Cunda, he fell ill and died, entering parinirvana. The scholars Bhikkhu Mettanando and Oskar von Hinuber argued he died of mesenteric infarction, a symptom of old age, and no source attributes his death to the meal itself.