Short answers, pulled from the story.
Siddhartha Gautama was a prince who chose to become a wandering ascetic in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains during the 6th or 5th century BCE. He was born in Lumbini in what is now Nepal to royal parents of the Shakya clan and rejected the throne to live as a mendicant. The title Buddha meaning Awakened One was a designation for those who had pierced the veil of ignorance and seen the world as it truly is.
Siddhartha Gautama achieved his awakening under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya during the 6th or 5th century BCE. This event marked the beginning of a forty-five-year teaching career that would reshape the spiritual landscape of ancient India. The earliest attestation of the title Buddha appears in the 3rd century BCE Edicts of Ashoka which confirm his existence as a historical figure.
Siddhartha Gautama spent the majority of his teaching career travelling in the Gangetic Plain in what is now Uttar Pradesh Bihar and southern Nepal. He settled in Sravasti the capital of the Kingdom of Kosala for the last 20 years of his life. His travels ranged from Kosambi on the Yamuna to Campa 40 km east of Bhagalpur and from Kapilavatthu 95 km north-west of Gorakhpur to Uruvela south of Gaya.
Siddhartha Gautama initially hesitated to teach because he believed humans were overpowered by ignorance greed and hatred. The god Brahma Sahampati convinced him that at least some with little dust in their eyes would understand the path. He relented and agreed to teach after this persuasion and began his ministry by visiting his five former companions.
Siddhartha Gautama died in Kushinagar after eating his last meal from a blacksmith named Cunda and falling violently ill. His final words were All sankharas decay. Strive for the goal with diligence appamada. He entered his final meditation and reached parinirvana final nirvana where the five aggregates of physical and mental phenomena cease to occur.
Siddhartha Gautama taught that the cycle of rebirth and suffering could be ended through the cultivation of wisdom ethical conduct and mental discipline. He presented a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and severe asceticism that required neither self-torture nor self-pity. His core message included the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as the means to achieve liberation from samsara.