Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Temple of Peace stood southeast of the Roman Forum, between the Via Sacra and the Carinae, on the southeast side of the Argiletum. It offered views of the Velian Hill and overlooked the Colosseum.
The temple housed the seven-branched menorah and the Table of Shewbread, both seized from the Jerusalem Temple during the siege of 70 CE. It also contained Greek sculptures attributed to Polykleitos, Phidias, Naukydes of Argos, Myron, and Leochares, originally gathered by Nero for his Domus Aurea.
The Temple of Peace was completed in 71 AD under Emperor Vespasian, funded through the spoils of the sacking of Jerusalem during the Jewish-Roman wars. The Roman poet Statius credited Emperor Domitian with being largely responsible for its completion, a claim that remains controversial among archaeologists.
The Forma Urbis is a large marble map of Rome that was originally displayed on a wall inside the Temple of Peace in the 3rd century. It shows the complex as an apse opening onto a large portico, with columns separating the interior from a central unpaved open area.
A fire in February 192 AD destroyed the Temple of Peace; it was subsequently rebuilt by Septimius Severus around 203 AD. Alaric I's sack of Rome in 410 AD damaged the complex, and it was never restored afterward.
Alaric I carried emerald-encrusted treasures of Solomon out of Rome in 410 AD, as recorded by the historian Procopius. The scholar Robert Coates-Stephens concluded that these objects were the main part of the Flavian dynasty's original war booty. He believed they had been kept in the temple from the day it opened.