Short answers, pulled from the story.
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests is a terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It encompasses forests dominated by broadleaf trees, forests where conifers and broadleafs share the canopy, and temperate rainforests, all occurring in regions with distinct warm and cool seasons.
These forests are richest and most distinctive in central China and eastern North America. Other globally notable regions include the Himalayas, Western and Central Europe, the southern coast of the Black Sea, Australasia, Southwestern South America, and the Russian Far East.
These forests have four layers: a canopy of tall mature trees reaching 100 to 200 feet; a three-tiered understory roughly 30 to 50 feet shorter; a shrub layer of low growing woody plants; and a ground cover or herbaceous layer at the base, which is typically the most diverse layer.
In the Northern Hemisphere, dominant broadleaf trees include oaks (Quercus), beeches (Fagus), maples (Acer), and birches (Betula), with pines (Pinus), firs (Abies), and spruces (Picea) as common conifers. In the Southern Hemisphere, Nothofagus and Eucalyptus fill the broadleaf role, while conifers from the families Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae grow in mixtures with broadleaf species.
These forests occur in climates with distinct warm and cool seasons and annual average temperatures between 3 and 23 degrees Celsius. Annual rainfall is typically over 600 mm, though it can drop to around 300 mm in parts of the Middle East and reach close to 6000 mm in the mountains of New Zealand and the Azores.
The World Wide Fund for Nature recognises dozens of named ecoregions within this biome, spanning Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Australasia. Examples range from the Caucasus mixed forests shared by Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey, and Iran, to the isolated Azores temperate mixed forests in the Atlantic.