Short answers, pulled from the story.
The window tax in England was repealed in 1851. Homeowners had previously bricked up windows to avoid the levy, creating a legacy of darkened rooms that still exists in listed buildings across the country.
The first known system of taxation emerged in Ancient Egypt around 3000 to 2800 BC during the First Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Records document that the Pharaoh conducted biennial tours to collect tithes paid in kind, such as grain, which were stored in silos as a display of the king's wealth.
Darius I the Great introduced a regulated tax system to the Persian Empire in 500 BC that was tailored to each Satrapy or province. The empire was divided into between 20 and 30 Satrapies, each assessed according to its supposed productivity, with the Satrap responsible for collecting the due amount and sending it to the treasury.
The introduction of a poll tax in medieval England was the primary cause of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt. This per capita tax was administratively cheap but unpopular because poorer people paid a higher proportion of their income than richer people, leading to widespread resistance and violence.
Countries like Luxembourg, Switzerland, and the Cayman Islands function as tax havens by imposing minimal taxes on personal and corporate income. These jurisdictions attract capital from abroad while resulting in loss of tax revenues within other non-haven countries through base erosion and profit shifting.
Inflation tax is the economic disadvantage suffered by holders of cash and cash equivalents due to the effects of expansionary monetary policy. Some economists hold that the inflation tax affects the lower and middle classes more than the rich, as they hold a larger fraction of their income in cash and are much less likely to receive newly created monies before prices adjust.