Short answers, pulled from the story.
The modern two-piece bikini was introduced by Louis Reard, a French automobile engineer and clothing designer, on the 5th of July 1946. Reard named the design after Bikini Atoll, where the first nuclear weapon test had taken place four days earlier, hoping his swimsuit would generate comparable headlines.
The burkini was originally designed in Australia by Aheda Zanetti, whose company Ahiida owns the trademarks to both "burkini" and "burqini." It is worn for religious reasons by some Muslim women and also by lifeguards and women at high risk for skin cancer. Attempts to ban burkinis in France for being too religious led to significantly increased sales worldwide.
Before the 1930s, swimsuits were typically made of wool, which became heavy with water and did not hug the body. Rayon was used in the 1920s but proved insufficiently durable when wet. Latex and nylon emerged in the 1930s, with nylon notable for drying more quickly than organic fibers. Spandex, known commercially as Lycra, entered swimsuit manufacturing in the 1960s.
Annette Kellerman, an Australian swimmer performing as an underwater ballerina in the United States, was arrested for indecent exposure in 1907 because her swimsuit exposed her arms, legs, and neck. She modified the suit to add long arms, legs, and a collar while retaining its close fit, and later marketed it under her own name as "the Annette Kellerman." The style became the primary target of swimsuit censorship efforts in the 1920s.
Rudi Gernreich designed the monokini in 1964, making it the first women's topless swimsuit. The design consisted of a brief, close-fitting bottom and two thin straps, with the bottom extending from the midriff to the upper thigh and held up by shoestring laces forming a halter around the neck. Some observers credit Gernreich's design with initiating the sexual revolution.
Swimsuits with large, solid blocks of bright neon colors such as neon pink or neon orange are the most visible when a swimmer is underwater. Blue, white, or gray swimsuits can become nearly invisible below the surface, making it harder for a lifeguard to spot a drowning swimmer. Solid neon colors are more visible than either red or multi-colored swimsuits.