Short answers, pulled from the story.
Sher Shah Suri died on the 22nd of May 1545 after being mortally wounded by a gunpowder explosion from a bursting cannon during the siege of Kalinjar Fort. He remained in his tent for two days before succumbing to his wounds.
Sher Shah introduced tri-metalism featuring the rupee as a standard silver coin weighing 178 grains, gold Mohur coins at 169 grains, and copper Paisa coins. This system established the national money used today in countries like India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
In 1540, Sher Shah's army consisted of over 150,000 cavalrymen, 25,000 infantrymen, and more than 5,000 war elephants. These forces utilized heavy cavalry emphasis while infantry units carried muskets under strict discipline.
The Battle of Chausa took place near the Karmanasa River where Humayun crossed while fleeing Afghan advances. The battle resulted in a complete rout of the Mughal army with over seven thousand deaths including prominent noblemen during the conflict.
Jalal Khan succeeded Sher Shah Suri immediately following his death on the 22nd of May 1545 and assumed the title Islam Shah Suri. Civil wars erupted later following Islam Shah's death in November 1554 which ended the dynasty's control.