Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Sur Empire was established in Northern India between 1538 and 1540. Sher Shah Suri seized the throne of Northern India after defeating Humayun and was crowned Emperor of Northern India on the 17th of May 1540.
The Battle of Chausa on the 26th of June 1539 and the Battle of Kannauj in 1540 were the key battles that led to the rise of Sher Shah Suri. These victories resulted in the complete rout of the Mughal army and the flight of Humayun to Sindh.
Sher Shah Suri divided Bengal into 47 smaller administrative divisions overseen by a shiqdar and supervised by Kazi Fajilot. These reforms promoted the settlement of Afghans in the region and created a stable system to support the empire's growth.
Sher Shah Suri rebuilt and modernized the Grand Trunk Road from modern-day Bangladesh to Afghanistan. He also built caravanserais, mosques, planted trees, dug wells, and established an efficient postal system using relays of horse riders.
Sher Shah Suri died on the 22nd of May 1545 after being mortally wounded by a gunpowder explosion during the siege of Kalinjar Fort. He was 73 or 59 years old at the time of his death and was succeeded by his son Jalal Khan.
The Sur Empire ended in the summer of 1557 when Sikandar Shah Suri surrendered to Mughal forces led by Bairam Khan on the 25th of July 1557. The Mughal reconquest defeated the Sur dynasty which had held control from Balochistan to modern-day Bangladesh.