What is Sufism and when did it begin in the Hejaz?
Sufism began as a quiet revolution during the Umayyad Caliphate between 661 and 750. It emerged as an internalization of Islam focused on purification of the heart rather than legalistic observance.
Questions about Sufism
Short answers, pulled from the story.
Who founded the Qadiriyya order and when did Abdul-Qadir Gilani die?
Abdul-Qadir Gilani died in 1166 after founding the Qadiriyya order. He resided in Na'if east of Baghdad before wandering desert regions for twenty-five years and returned to preach publicly in 1127.
How do Mevlevi Order members complete their initial training phase?
New members must serve in hospice kitchens for over 1001 days before receiving instruction. Another 1001 days of solitary retreat completes that initial training phase.
When was the Amman Message issued and where was it adopted?
The Amman Message was issued by 200 leading Islamic scholars in 2005. This statement was adopted at an Organisation of Islamic Cooperation summit in Mecca that December.
What is the meaning of the term Sufi regarding clothing and origins?
The term Sufi originally meant one who wore wool linking the practice to ascetic traditions. Some scholars trace the word to the Greek sophos meaning wisdom or knowledge while others suggest it comes from suffah referring to the people of the bench.