Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Stonewall Brigade received its name at the First Battle of Manassas on the 21st of July, 1861. Brigadier General Barnard E. Bee of South Carolina reportedly declared "There stands Jackson like a stone wall. Rally behind the Virginians!" as he rallied his own men. Both Thomas J. Jackson and his brigade became known as "Stonewall" from that day forward.
The Stonewall Brigade had eight commanding officers during the war. Thomas J. Jackson led from April 1861 until October 1861, followed by Richard B. Garnett, Charles S. Winder, William S. Baylor, Andrew J. Grigsby, Elisha F. Paxton, James A. Walker, and finally William Terry. Of these, Winder, Baylor, and Paxton were all killed in action while commanding the brigade.
The nickname arose during the Valley Campaign of 1862, when the brigade marched more than 400 miles in four weeks. A single stretch of 57 miles was completed in just 51 hours. The oxymoronic term reflected how the infantry moved at a speed normally associated with cavalry.
Only 219 men of the Stonewall Brigade were present at the surrender at Appomattox Court House. Of the roughly 6,000 soldiers who served in the brigade during the war, not one of the survivors held a rank above captain.
At Spotsylvania Court House in 1864, the Stonewall Brigade was positioned at the Bloody Angle section of the Mule Shoe salient when Winfield S. Hancock's II Corps launched a massive assault. All but 200 men were killed, wounded, or captured. The brigade was officially dissolved after the battle and consolidated into a single regiment.
The Stonewall Brigade's military lineage continues through the 116th Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the Virginia Army National Guard, which traces historical ties to the 5th Virginia Infantry, one of the five original Civil War regiments. The brigade's colors carry battle streamers from the unit's Civil War actions. Several living history reenactment groups also maintain the brigade's memory.