Questions about Spanish American wars of independence

Short answers, pulled from the story.

When did the Spanish Crown expel the Society of Jesus from its American territories?

The Spanish Crown expelled the Society of Jesus from its American territories in 1767. This action removed a powerful institution that had long served as a bridge between local populations and royal authority.

What event triggered the political crisis across the Atlantic during the Spanish American wars of independence?

Napoleon Bonaparte forced the Spanish royal family to abdicate the throne in May 1808 through the Bayonne Statute. He installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain, which triggered a political crisis across the Atlantic.

Who led the Army over the Andes together with General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme in January 1817?

José de San Martín became governor of the Province of Cuyo in 1814 and began organizing an army as early as that year. By January 1817, he led his Army over the Andes together with General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme.

On what date was the decisive Battle of Ayacucho fought during the Spanish American wars of independence?

The Battle of Ayacucho on the 9th of December 1824 marked the decisive moment when combined armies destroyed a numerically superior royalist force. Only Upper Peru remained as a royalist bastion until Olañeta surrendered after dying in Tumusla on the 2nd of April 1825.

Which territories remained under Spanish rule until the Spanish-American War in 1898?

Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule until the Spanish-American War in 1898. Only these territories and briefly Santo Domingo escaped independence during the main conflict period from 1808 to 1833.

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