Short answers, pulled from the story.
Jules Verne published From the Earth to the Moon in 1865 with an aluminum capsule featuring shelves stocked with pickaxes, shovels, firearms, and trees. The design included a curved sofa built into the floor and walls near windows accessible by ladder.
Raymond Loewy led a group of architects and industrial designers to convince NASA to include an observation window in Skylab in 1968. This milestone introduced the human psychological dimension to spacecraft design and marked the birth of space architecture.
The International Space Station spans an area comparable to an American football field with a crew of six. Its living volume reaches 358 cubic meters offering more interior room than two American 18-wheeler trucks.
Water contained in large tanks surrounding astronauts serves as effective shielding despite weighing 1000 kilograms per cubic meter. Solar storm shelters allow spacefarers to retreat during peak events requiring a weather broadcasting system like tsunami warnings.
Genesis I launched into low Earth orbit on the 12th of July 2006 demonstrating basic viability of inflatable structures. Genesis II followed on the 28th of June 2007 testing improvements like reaction wheel assemblies and precision measurement systems.