Short answers, pulled from the story.
Henry VIII ordered a ship named Great Harry, also known as Henri Grâce à Dieu, which launched in 1514. This vessel measured between 1,000 and 1,500 tons and carried a complement of 700 to 1,000 men, making it the largest and most powerful warship in Europe at the time.
The transition from medieval boarding tactics to the era of gunpowder warfare occurred by the 1637 launch of England's Sovereign of the Seas. This launch marked the disappearance of the high forecastle and the adoption of the line of battle doctrine which required ships to form single-file lines.
The 74 was the most common size of sail ship of the line, originally developed by France in the 1730s. This design offered the perfect balance between offensive power, cost, and manoeuvrability, eventually comprising around half of Britain's ships of the line by the 1780s.
The rise of the ironclad frigate, starting in 1859, made steam-assisted ships of the line obsolete. This development marked the transition from wooden-hulled vessels to the ironclad warship, which was the predecessor to the 20th-century battleship.
The only original ship of the line remaining today is HMS Victory, preserved as a museum in Portsmouth. This vessel appears as she was while under Admiral Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 and remains the oldest commissioned warship in any navy worldwide.