Short answers, pulled from the story.
The American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders in 1973. This decision marked a turning point in how society understood sexual attraction.
Androphilia describes attraction based on masculinity rather than gender identity. These words offer alternatives to traditional labels like heterosexual or homosexual by focusing on the object of attraction instead of the subject's assigned sex at birth.
A 2012 genome-wide linkage study found significant associations between male sexual orientation and genes on chromosome Xq28 and chromosome 8. Researchers concluded that genetic variation in these regions contributes to the development of psychological traits related to sexual orientation.
Estimates for men who have sex with men range from three to five percent in East Asia up to twenty percent in Latin America according to international health organizations. Regional variations reflect differences in sampling methods cultural attitudes toward disclosure and legal protections available locally.
Alfred Kinsey released his groundbreaking work Sexual Behavior in the Human Male in 1948 followed by Sexual Behavior in the Human Female in 1953. His seven-point scale challenged assumptions that everyone was either completely straight or entirely gay.