Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word satire comes from the Latin satur and the phrase lanx satura, which literally means a full dish of various kinds of fruits, suggesting a miscellany or medley. The English word satire derives from the Latin satura, while related words like satirize and satiric are of Greek origin. The 17th-century philologist Isaac Casaubon was the first to formally dispute the long-held belief that the word was connected to the mythological satyr.
Horatian satire, named for the Roman poet Horace (65-8 BCE), uses gentle, light-hearted humor to criticize social follies; its tone is sympathetic and its goal is to heal situations with smiles. Juvenalian satire, named for the Roman satirist Juvenal (late first to early second century AD), is more contemptuous and abrasive, attacking public officials and institutions through scorn, moral indignation, and savage ridicule. Jonathan Swift is a prominent example of a writer who borrowed heavily from Juvenal's techniques.
The Bishops' Ban of 1599 was a decree issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury John Whitgift and the Bishop of London Richard Bancroft that ordered the burning of verse satires by John Marston, Thomas Middleton, Joseph Hall, and others. It also prohibited the future printing of satire in verse and required histories and plays to be approved by a member of the Queen's Privy Council. Despite its severity, the ban was little enforced even by the authority that issued it.
Nobel laureate playwright Dario Fo drew a sharp distinction between satire and teasing, which he called sfottò in Italian. Teasing is a shallow parody of physical appearance and mannerisms that humanizes and draws sympathy for its target, while satire uses humor to challenge power, carries a moral dimension, and renders judgment against its target. Fo argued that real satire arouses an outraged and violent reaction, and that the stronger the attempt to suppress it, the better the work is doing its job.
Benjamin Franklin anonymously proposed in 1784 that Parisians rise earlier to use morning sunlight, a satirical jest that anticipated daylight saving time, not actually proposed until 1907. In 1975, Saturday Night Live's first episode advertised a fictional triple-blade razor; Gillette released a three-blade razor in 2001 and a five-blade razor in 2006, following a 2004 Onion parody predicting exactly that. David Foster Wallace's 1996 novel Infinite Jest described a celebrity president who built a wall and made the neighboring country pay for it.
In the Soviet Union, political satire was suppressed and dissidents such as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Andrei Sakharov faced strong government pressure. Satire of everyday Soviet life was permitted, with Arkady Raikin being the most prominent practitioner. Political satire survived mainly in the form of anecdotes, particularly jokes targeting Brezhnev's narrow-mindedness and his well-known appetite for awards and decorations.