Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word satire originates from the Latin phrase lanx satura, meaning a full dish of mixed fruits, rather than from mythological satyrs. This etymological root reveals that the genre was originally conceived as a medley or miscellany of various kinds. The Roman poet Quintilian later formalized this into a strict literary form, yet the term quickly escaped its narrow definition to become a global tool for social criticism.
The two most prominent ancient Roman satirists were Horace and Juvenal, who established the two main modes of the genre. Horatian satire, named for the Roman poet Horace who lived from 65 to 8 BCE, seeks to heal the situation with smiles rather than anger. In contrast, Juvenalian satire, named for the Roman satirist Juvenal who wrote in the late first and early second centuries AD, is far more abrasive and pessimistic, attacking public officials and governmental organizations.
The Bishops' Ban of 1599 was issued in 1599 by the Archbishop of Canterbury John Whitgift and the Bishop of London Richard Bancroft. This decree ordered the burning of certain volumes of satire by John Marston, Thomas Middleton, and Joseph Hall. The decree prohibited the future printing of satire in verse, though it was little enforced.
The Onion was founded in 1988 as a satirical news site that has become a prominent part of contemporary satire. The satirical news articles have been so convincing that some readers fail to realize they are not real, with headlines like Local Woman Devotes Life To Doing God's Busy Work. The site continues to operate in the digital realm alongside other satirical platforms like The Babylon Bee, founded in 2016.
The Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy in 2005 caused global protests by offended Muslims and violent attacks with many fatalities in the Near East. The incident resulted in embassies being attacked and 139 people killed. This event highlights how satire frequently escapes censorship in a way more direct criticism might not, yet it periodically runs into serious opposition.