Short answers, pulled from the story.
The ancient name of the island is Sardinia, which may have originated from the Sherden, one of the Sea Peoples who terrorized the Mediterranean coast in the 12th century BC. These fierce warriors were known for their distinctive horned helmets and crescent shields and supplied copper and lead to the great empires of the ancient world.
The nuraghes were constructed between 1800 BC and 730 BC by the Nuragic civilization. Over 7,000 examples of these stone towers still stand today, with the most complex structures like the Nuraghe Santu Antine serving as massive fortresses with multiple towers and galleries.
Eleanor of Arborea was a legendary judge of the Judicate of Arborea who promulgated the Carta de Logu, a legal code that granted women the right to refuse marriage and to own property. This code made 14th-century Sardinia one of the most progressive societies in Europe.
The Sardinians repelled a French expedition led by a young Napoleon Bonaparte in 1793. The Sardinian fleet commanded by Domenico Millelire defeated the French near the Maddalena archipelago and stopped a French landing on the beach of Quartu Sant'Elena.
The Sardinian Free Trade Zone was established in 2013 and has made the island a tax haven with no customs duties, value added tax, or excise taxes on fuel. This zone aims to boost the economy despite constraints from high transportation and electricity costs.