Short answers, pulled from the story.
Salvation is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation. In religious and theological contexts it generally refers to the deliverance of the soul from sin and its consequences. The academic study of salvation is called soteriology.
Judaism does not accept the doctrine of original sin, and adherents do not believe they need personal salvation in the Christian sense. Jewish salvation is tied to the concept of ge'ulah (redemption), emphasising individual morality through observance of the Torah given to Moses on biblical Mount Sinai, and the collective destiny of Israel.
According to the teaching attributed to Muhammad by Ibn 'Umar, Islam is built on five mandatory acts: testifying that only God is worthy of worship and that Muhammad is his Messenger, performing compulsory prayers, paying Zakat (obligatory charity of 2.5% of surplus wealth annually), performing Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca), and fasting during Ramadhan. Not performing these may deprive a Muslim of the chance of salvation.
Moksha, meaning liberation, is the term Indian religions use for what Abrahamic faiths call salvation. Rather than deliverance from sin, moksha is release from the saṃsāra, the cycle of rebirth driven by karma and passions. It is always self-attained, through practices such as yoga and dhyana (meditation), as described in texts like the Upanishads, the Pali Canon, and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that people who die without accepting Christ's grace can still receive salvation in the world of spirits after death, on the same terms as the living. Members perform vicarious ordinances, including baptism, on behalf of deceased persons in sacred temples, drawing scriptural authority from the Bible, Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants, and Pearl of Great Price.
During the Second Temple Period, the Sadducees, who served as High Priests, denied any individual existence after death because resurrection was not written in the Torah. The Pharisees, ancestors of the rabbis, affirmed both bodily resurrection and the immortality of the soul, influenced partly by Hellenistic ideas and their belief in the Oral Torah.