Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Royal Society was founded on the 28th of November 1660, when twelve natural philosophers meeting at Gresham College in London resolved to establish a college for promoting experimental learning. A royal charter was granted by King Charles II on the 15th of July 1662.
Nullius in verba is Latin for "Take nobody's word for it". The motto was adopted to express the fellows' commitment to establishing facts through experiment rather than authority, and is drawn from the Epistles of the Roman poet Horace.
Marjory Stephenson and Kathleen Lonsdale were elected as the first female Fellows of the Royal Society on the 22nd of March 1945. Their election followed a postal ballot in which 336 Fellows voted in favour and 37 opposed, after a 1944 statutory amendment removed the bar on women candidates.
Philosophical Transactions, first published in 1665, is the world's first journal dedicated exclusively to science and the oldest continuously running scientific journal in existence. Its founding editor was Henry Oldenburg, the Royal Society's first secretary, and it is credited with originating the peer review process.
The Royal Society is based at 6-9 Carlton House Terrace in central London, a Grade I listed building designed by John Nash. The society moved there in 1967 from Burlington House, and the building underwent a £9.8 million renovation reopened by the Prince of Wales on the 7th of July 2004.
Fellows are elected by existing Fellows through ten sectional committees, each covering a subject area, on the basis of having made a substantial contribution to natural knowledge including mathematics, engineering, or medical science. Election is for life, and as of 2024 up to 85 Fellows and 24 Foreign Members are elected each year.