Short answers, pulled from the story.
Filippo Brunelleschi designed the brick dome over Florence Cathedral. He was born in 1377 and died in 1446 after studying ancient Roman ruins to find rules for regular structures.
Donato Bramante created the Tempietto in the Cloister of San Pietro in Montorio after traveling to Rome following the fall of Milan to the French in 1499. This small circular temple marks the spot where St Peter was martyred.
Andrea Palladio published I quattro libri dell'architettura in Venice in 1570. These books were intended to be read by patrons as well as architects.
Inigo Jones designed the Queen's House at Greenwich in England after returning from Italy where he studied architecture. The building featured clean lines and symmetry revolutionary in a country still enamoured with mullion windows.
Cosimo de Medici commissioned Michelozzo to design the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in 1444. The building respected Florentine liking for rusticated stone without classical column orders.