Questions about Razmnama
Short answers, pulled from the story.
What is the Razmnama and who commissioned it?
The Razmnama is a Persian translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata, commissioned by Mughal Emperor Akbar. The name means 'tale of war' in Persian, with razm meaning war and nama meaning tale, history, or epic.
When was the Razmnama translated and how long did it take?
The formal order to translate the Mahabharata into Persian came in 1582, and the translation work ran from 1584 to 1586. Naqib Khan, the primary translator, completed his portion in one and a half years according to an inscription preserved in some copies.
How many illustrated copies of the Razmnama exist?
Four illustrated Mughal manuscripts of the Razmnama are known. The most complete, made between 1584 and 1586, is in Jaipur with 169 miniatures. A second copy from 1598-1599 has 161 paintings; a third, the Birla manuscript, is dated 1605; a fourth from around 1616-1617 has only two or more miniatures identified.
Who were the translators who worked on the Razmnama?
The primary translator was Naqib Khan, son of Abd al-Latif Husayni. Brahman scholars including Deva Misra, Satavadhana, Madhusudana Misra, Caturbhuja, and Shaykh Bhavan explained the Sanskrit in Hindi. The theologian Abd al-Qadir Badauni contributed two chapters, as did the poet Shaikh Faizi. Sultan Haji Thanesari also completed sections before being dismissed by Akbar.
Where is the Jaipur copy of the Razmnama held today?
The Jaipur copy of the Razmnama is held at the City Palace Museum in Jaipur. It bears the seals of Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Shah Alam, and its 169 miniatures were painted by artists including Basawan, Daswanth, and Lal.
Why did Akbar distribute copies of the Razmnama to his nobles and emirs?
According to Akbar's courtier Abd al-Qadir Badayuni, Akbar ordered copies sent to all the emirs of his kingdom with instructions to receive them as a gift from God. The court historian Abul Fazl wrote that the intention behind the distribution was pious, aimed at helping members of royal families understand the Hindu religion.